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2007 Vol.27 Issue.5
Published 2008-01-24
院士论坛
1 DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS IN GNSS
Chen Junyong;Dang Yaming;and Cheng Pengfei
Overview of the progress in GNSS, the modernization of GPS, recent situation of GLONASS and the development of GALILEO are presented. Comment on the nuisance effects in GNSS, such as ionospheric and tropospheric propagation delay, multipath mitigation, receiver and satellite antenna phase centre variation, carrier phase ambiguity term are made, and how to reduce these effects is introduced.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 1-4 [Abstract] ( 2172 ) PDF (360 KB)   ( 3797 )
地壳形变研究
5 CRUSTAL MOVEMENT CHANGE OF COASTAL AREA OF FUJIAN SURVEYED BY GPS BEFORE AND AFTER TWO M7 EARTHQUAKES IN TAIWAN
Shi Linhua ;Ding Xueren ;Li Yanxing ;Hu Xinkang ;Zhang Jinghua ;and Zhang Zhongfu
The GPS network of Fujian has been surveyed 6 times from 1995 to now.After analysing the time sequences of the changes
of displacement and movement velocity,we have discovered large westward and northward syncdisplacement of GPS sites, i.e. eastward and southward movement velocity decrease obviously before Chi-Chi Ms7.7earthquake in Sept.20,1999 (UTC) and Ms7.6 in
eastern of Hualian in Dec.18,2001 (UTC) and large eastward and southward syncdisplacement of GPS sites, i.e. movement velocity increase much after Chi-Chi Ms7.7 earthquake. The crustal movement change in 1997~2001 in coastal areas of Fujian was closely related to preparation and occurrence of Chi-Chi and eastern of Hualian earthquakes not only in time, but also their preparation mechanism are consist with each other since they were caused by strain field growing along with the two earthquakes.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 5-12 [Abstract] ( 2679 ) PDF (1241 KB)   ( 3323 )
13 FREE EULER MOTION OF TRIAXIAL RIGID EARTH
Shen Wenbin;Chen Wei ;Zhang Di ;Wang Wenjun ;and Liang Yiqiang
Under the assumption that the Earth is a triaxial rigid body which is rotating freely in the Euclidian space, the elliptic integral solution of the Euler dynamic equation is provided, and then the numerical solutions of the Euler dynamic as well as kinetic equation are realized. The calculated results show that, besides the selfrotation of the Earth with the period about 24 h and the free Euler precession with the period 305 d, there exists a free nutation with the period about 305 d. In addition, the three Eulerian angular velocities accelerate in a half period and decelerate in another half period, keeping the magnitude of the total angular velocity constant, i.e., the rotational energy keeps invariant. Correspondingly, the length of day increases gradually in one half period and decreases gradually in another half period.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 13-17 [Abstract] ( 1815 ) PDF (804 KB)   ( 3324 )
18 ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE CRUSTAL MOVEMENTBETWEEN BOTH SHORES OF TAIWAN STRAIT
Li Zuning;Liu Xuyan;Wu Shaozu;and Chen Guang
On the basis of the data of Fujian GPS stations, TAIW and TWTF key observation stations during 1995 to 2003,
the variations and relative variations of the lengths between Fujian GPS stations and TAIW and TWTF stations are calculated, in the meantime,strain tensors of TAIW and TWTF stations are also calculated with genetic algorithm. The results show that the crustal relative movement of Taiwan strait is in the tensile state during both the periods of 1995 to 1997 and 2001 to 2003, but the magnitude and the direction of principal strain in the two periods are with a wide variation that may reflect the process of strain energy from accumulation to release before and after the M7.6 ChiChi earthquake in 1999.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 18-21 [Abstract] ( 1981 ) PDF (744 KB)   ( 2696 )
22 ON ACTIVE STATE OF CHANGBAISHAN-TIANCHI VOLCANO FROM DEFORMATION DATA
Hu Yaxuan ;Wang Qingliang ;Cui Duxin ;Wang Wenping ;Li Ke ;and Zheng Chuanfang
On the basis of 4 period of level and GPS observations in ChangbaishanTianchi volcano region
during 2002-2005,the present magma activity is analyzed. The results show that the deformation is obvious during 2002-2003,
the rates of the GPS sites in the volcanic region are considerably different from Suiyang station(350 km from P00),it shows that the deformation is effected by magma activity mainly. After 2003, the vertical and horizontal deformation rates become small progressively, especially the rates of the GPS sites in the volcanic region are little different from Suiyang station during 2004-2005, it shows that the magma activity becomes weak gradually.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 22-25 [Abstract] ( 2726 ) PDF (879 KB)   ( 4079 )
26 ON DISTRIBUTION OF APPARENT SEISMIC STRESS IN CHINESE MAINLAND
Zhang Bin;and Yang Xuanhui
The average seismic apparent stress and its distribution in Chinese mainland are presented by use of data of mediumstrong earthquake from 1900 to 2005.The stress is 0.67 MPa, more than the global level a little and 0.32 MPa in eastern China,0.97 MPa in western China. It is turns out that the average seismic apparent stress calculated with seismic magnitude in Chinese mainland is similar to that calculated with digital seismic wave data and the distribution is coincident with each other.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 26-30 [Abstract] ( 1838 ) PDF (2369 KB)   ( 3345 )
31 SIMULATING POSTSEISMIC VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION BASED ON BURGERS MODEL
Shao Zhigang;Fu Rongshan;Xue Tingxiao;and Huang Jianhua;
Using finite element method, and taking Burgers model for viscoelastic media the postseismic deformation is simulated.
It is found that the simulated postsiesmic results with Burgers model can be used for explaining the transient elastic response, short time response and long time response. There is no uncoordinated phenomenon caused by the Maxwell and Kelvin model, as to short time and long time postseismic deformation, when we take the Burgers model as viscoelastic medium.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 31-37 [Abstract] ( 2098 ) PDF (1312 KB)   ( 3536 )
38 SIMULATION TEST FOR DETERMINING 1°×1° GLOBAL GEOID WITH CENTIMETERLEVEL ACCURACY
Han Jiancheng ;and Shen Wenbin;

On the basis of a given 1°×1° global geopotential field model

with 10 -5 ms -2 level,a density model of the shallow layer with relatively high accuracy and also an accurate mean sea surface model, a theoretical approach for determining 1°×1° global geoid with centimeterlevel, by use of fictitious compress recovery method, is introduced.The simulative experiments are carried out to test this approach and the results show that, for determining the global geoid at a scale of 1°×1° of the earth model used here, the accuracy can reach centimeterlevel or even better.

2007 Vol. 27 (5): 38-43 [Abstract] ( 1941 ) PDF (2063 KB)   ( 3072 )
44 ON SEASONAL STERIC SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS BY COMBINING GRACE WITH SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DATA
Chang Jinlong;Zhong Min ;Duan Jianbin ;Yan Haoming ;and Jiang Min
The ability of GRACE to inverse the global seawater mass variations is estimateed and by combining satellite altimetry with GRACE the global SSL(Steric Sea Level) variation for three years（from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2005）is calculated. The conclusion that GRACE not only can observe the seasonal ocean mass variations, but also the combination of GRACE with altimetry can provide an ESSL(Estimated SSL) that is closer to SSL than using altimetry alone is drawn.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 44-48 [Abstract] ( 1934 ) PDF (1129 KB)   ( 3648 )
理论方法研究
49 MAPPING 3D IONOSPHERIC PROFILES USINGGROUND-BASED GPS MEASUREMENTS
Jin Shuanggen;and Zhu Wenyao
Groundbased dualfrequency GPS receiver has been widely used to monitor the ionosphere and its related abnormal activities. In the past time, however, it was often used by establishing a 2D groundbased GPS ionospheric grid model, which ignores the vertical ionospheric information taken as a constant. 3D ionospheric electron density profile is obtained through a Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) using groundbased GPS measuremnts. Comparied with the International Reference Ionosphere2001 (IRI2001) and ionosonde, the ionospheric electron density profiles derived from ground-based GPS tomography are almost consistent, but much closer to that obtained by ionosonde. Therefore, the groundbased GPS with high timespace resolutions plays an important role in monitoring 3D ionopsheric activities and related space weather.\
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 49-53 [Abstract] ( 1770 ) PDF (1970 KB)   ( 3628 )
54 SIMULATION OF PML ABSORBING BOUNDARY CONDITION WITH SECOND-ORDER ELASTIC WAVE EQUATION IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA
Zhu Zhaolin;and Ma Zaitian
A new alternative perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is developed to attenuate the artificial boundary reflections generated in numerical simulation of the secondorder elastic wave equation. The secondorder equation can be described by displacement, which is more appropriate than the firstorder one. Its PML condition conventionally needs to split the displacement into four parts, which occupies a large amount of memory and requires solving a thirdorder differential equation in time. As for the other choice, nonsplitting PML method may be applied to the secondorder equation, but it requires solving the dual integral in time. The new method can solve or simplity the above problems. Finally, a staggeredgrid finite difference method with this PML condition is used to simulate an anisotropic media model and
the results show that the method is efficient.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 54-58 [Abstract] ( 1700 ) PDF (2025 KB)   ( 3289 )
59 RECURSIVE COMPUTATION OF MERIDIAN ARC LENGTH WITH DISCRETIONARY PRECISION
Liu Renzhao;and Wu Jicang
A new method for recursive computation of meridian arc length with discretionary precision is deduced on the basis of the arc formula, and its detailed algorithm as well as program in C/C++ are given. This method for arc length computation is proved through Microsoft VC++6.0,the result indicates that different precisions requirement in various conditions can be met with.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 59-62 [Abstract] ( 1931 ) PDF (368 KB)   ( 3319 )
63 CHARACTERISTICS OF MATRIX SVD AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO RANK DEFICIENCY FREE NETWORK ADJUSTMENT
Lu Tieding;Tao Benzao ;and Zhou Shijian;
The matrix SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) and the relation between SVD and MoorePenrose inverses are analyzed.
It is derived that the generalize inverse matrix of SVD is MoorePenrose generalized inverse of the matrix namely.The relation between the SVD and the minimum norm least squares solution of linear system of equation is also analyzed and the formulas of free network adjustment based on matrix singular value decomposition are presented. The formulas for solving weighted minimum norm least squares are also presented, which expanded the minimum norm least squares solution of linear system of equation based on matrix SVD. The practical computations show that the SVD method is correct and validity in free network adjustment. \
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 63-67 [Abstract] ( 1976 ) PDF (352 KB)   ( 4556 )
68 CALCULATION OF IONOSPHERIC VTEC BY USING SINGLE EPOCHGPS DUAL FREQUENCY CARRIER-PHASE
Lin Jian;Wu Yun;Zhou Yiyan;Shi Shunying;and Xing Lelin;
A new calculation method of VTEC(Vertical Total Electron Content) of the vertical space above fiducial station is presented, in which the single integer ambiguity and dual frequency observations are directly used to calculate VTEC. The result shows that the change tendency of the calculated VTEC is consistent with the provided data by IGS（International GNSS Service）,and its inner precision is so good that can reflect the ionospheric activity in some extent.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 68-71 [Abstract] ( 2019 ) PDF (751 KB)   ( 3787 )
72 APPLICATION OF VIBRATOR ON DEEP CRUST STRUCTURE EXPLORATION
Yang Guangliang ;and Zhu Yuanqing
The prospects and problems of application of vibrator to deep crust structures exploration are analyzed.The operating priciple,fuction and approach of air gun array and ACROSS (Accurately Controlled Routinely Operated Signal System) sources are introduced.The
technical characteristics and applied state of the two vibrators are compared with each other,it is presented that the air gun array should be selected first for developing the vibrator technology in China.\
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 72-75 [Abstract] ( 2752 ) PDF (636 KB)   ( 3423 )
地震监测预报
76 MULTI-LAYERED HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION FORECAST MODEL
Liang Quanqiang ;Lin Shu Bing ;Huang Shengming ;and Liu Xuyan
In view of the shortcoming that the recursion algorithm is usually used to model time series, a new algorithm
suitable for the forecast model parameter’s estimatation is proposed,
which naturalizes the deformation model noise to the deformation forecast model parameter based on the principle of dynamic system model parameter randomisation,and uses the multilayer hierarchical analysis method to establish deformation forecast model.
The analysis of the Tianma and Xiamen station’s data indicates that the deformation forecast precision is improved obviously.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 76-81 [Abstract] ( 1763 ) PDF (1652 KB)   ( 3030 )
82 SCIENTIFIC TEST FOR EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION IN YUNNANBASED ON FAULT-CROSSING DEFORMATION ANOMALY
Shi Shunying;Zhang Yan;Wu Yun;and An Li
On the basis of the faultcrossing deformation observations in Yunnan area,long trend anomalies and sudden change anomalies are extracted from faultcrossing deformation data with mobile black box method and then they are synthesized with ISSS(Information Synthesis of Seismogenic System) to get credible anomaly.The exact ratio of prediction is 60% by checking the earthquake prediction based on
faultcrossing short leveling and short baseline with the occurred earthquakes in the past 12 years.It shows that the mobile black box method and ISSS are feasible to predict earthquake.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 82-87 [Abstract] ( 2806 ) PDF (1522 KB)   ( 3998 )
88 ANALYSIS OF ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETRY RESULTOF CHINA EARTHQUAKE GRAVITY NETWORK
Liu Dongzhi;Li Hui;Xing Lelin;Sun Shaoan;Liu Ziwei; and Xiang Aimin;
In order to set up the absolute gravity datum of China Earthquake Gravity Network, we have surveyed 12 fiducial stations in China mainland from March to June,2007 using FG5/232 absolute gravimeter, and obtained high accurate absolute gravity data.
The comparison and analysis show that the standard deviation of result is less than ±2×10 -8 ms -2 except Urumchi station.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 88-93 [Abstract] ( 2625 ) PDF (1821 KB)   ( 3760 )
94 ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND WATER BEFORE AND AFTER SECOND IMPOUNDMENT OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR
Zhang Weihua;Yao Yunsheng;Li Shengle;Mei Jianchang;and Li Jiaming;
On the basis of the observations of ground water level monitoring well network for the induced earthquakes in Three Gorges in 2006 and the normal dynamic characteristics and the influence factors of ground water, the dynamic changes of the relative observation items during second impoundment of the reservoir are analyzed.The results indicate that the effect of the impoundment on ground water dynamic is obvious.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 94-98 [Abstract] ( 2812 ) PDF (1645 KB)   ( 4046 )
99 CHANGES OF LOCAL GRAVITY FIELD BEFORE AND AFTERSECOND IMPOUNDMENT IN THREE GORGES DAM AREA
Sun Shaoan ;Xiang Aiming;Xu Rugang;Zhang Xinglin ;and Wei Jin;
By analyzing the characteristics of gravity changes before and after the second impoundment in the Three Gorges dam area, we have found that the variation of gravity approximately accords with the change of water level in the Three Gorges reservoir, but in the head area of reservoir, the difference between the change relations of gravity to water level under the first and the second impoundment is obvious. The gravity changes by the south and north sides in the head area is extremely dissymmetric. The gravity field by the north side changes greatly and attenuates slowly, while that by south side has smaller changes and attenuates quick. In the Xiangxi segment, the variation of gravity is quite regular and presents the characteristics that the gravity changes is stronger by the south side than that by the north side taking basically the Yangtz river as the axis of symmetry. The observation results confirm that the maximum gravity change is still in Xiangxi segment after second impoundment.\
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 99-102 [Abstract] ( 2214 ) PDF (3507 KB)   ( 3236 )
103 FOCAL MECHANISM OF KEY MONITORING AREA OF THREEGORGES RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER IMPOUNDMENT
Wang Dun ;Yao Yunsheng;Xue Junrong ;Chen Junhua ;and Song Chen;
By use of the data from digital telemetered seismic network of induced earthquake monitoring system in the Three Gorges area from 2000 to 2006，the focal mechanisms in key monitoring area of the Three Gorges reservoir are calculated.The results show that the focal mechanism parameters of earthquakes before impoundment are strikeslipreverse fault, the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress is near EW while P axis elevation is small,i.e. P axis is near horizontal,it is consistent with the regional principal compressive stress;
the focal mechanism parameters of earthquakes after impoundment are strikeslipnormal，P axis elevation is near vertical，the directions of maximum horizontal principal compressive stress axis are mussy and are not controlled by regional principal compressive stress.
This state implies that the complex focal mechanisms may be correlated with the complex seismogenic mechanisms of the induced earthquake.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 103-107 [Abstract] ( 2036 ) PDF (1435 KB)   ( 3423 )
108 ON STRESS TRIGGERING STRONG EARTHQUAKES INWESTERN PART of SOUTHERN TIANSHAN MOUNTAIN
Wang Qiong;Nie Xiaohong ;and Tang Lihua
By calculating the static Coulomb failure stress changes of some Ms≥6 earthquakes in KashiWuqia region and Keping block region in the western part of southern Tianshan mountain, Xinjiang since 1955, the triggering effect on the following earthquakes is analyzed.
The result shows that most strong earthquakes in Kashi-Wuqia region encourage the following earthquake activity increasing, while most strong earthquakes in Keping block region relieve earthquake risk in its neighboring region to some degree.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 108-114 [Abstract] ( 2679 ) PDF (2124 KB)   ( 2853 )
观测技术
115 ON CONSTELLATION SCHEME OF 2ND GENERATION OF CHINA SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR NORTHWARD EXTENDING COVERAGE RANGE
Liu Genyou ;Hao Xiaoguang ;Chen Xiaofeng ;Sun Baoqi ;Peng Bibo ;Zhou Xuhua ;Liu Lintao ;and Hu Xiaogang
After putting forward the aim of northward extension of coverage range of 2nd generation of China satellite navigation system, the constellation scheme which is increasing 4 IGSO satellites, and making the coverage range from 55°N to 75°N is discussed.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 115-118 [Abstract] ( 1819 ) PDF (4162 KB)   ( 4125 )
119 AN AUTOMATIC PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR SINE CALIBRATION OF SEISMOMETER
Lu Yongqing;and Cai Yaxian
A commercial data acquisition card is employed. The program including calibration, data acquisition, displaying, saving and processing is designed to configure an automatic processing system which can recognize sine calibration signal, measure amplitude of signal and identify parameters automatically.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 119-122 [Abstract] ( 1811 ) PDF (873 KB)   ( 3365 )
123 AN IMPROVED DATA PROCESSING METHOD OF SHAFT AFFILIATION SURVEY OF SHIELD ENGINEERING
Luo Sanming;Wan Wenni;Gao Peizhi;and Su Jianfeng
Taking the GouwugongyuanXiangmihu segment of Shenzhen subway shield tunnel as an example, the method and the process step about setting up control net,measuring horizontal angle and chaining side as transferring control net’ coordinates and azimuth from ground to underground are introduced,and the factors influencing accuracy of shaft affiliation survey are analyzed. Aiming at the characteristics of shaft affiliation survey, an improved way processing data about shaft affiliation survey is put forward. The conclusions from result and accuracy analysis on data processing show that: it must be specified to regulate the figure of connection triangle, and horizontal angle survey, and sides measure and its correction of temperature and scale factor. Using the improved data processing method, the tunnel’s holing through and its accuracy can be assure.
2007 Vol. 27 (5): 123-127 [Abstract] ( 2668 ) PDF (632 KB)   ( 3592 )
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