大地测量与地球动力学
 
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2007 Vol.27 Issue.2
Published 2011-08-24
地壳形变与地震
1 ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY CRUSTAL DEFORMATIONCHARACTERISTICS WITH GPS DATA OF TIANSHAN MOUNTAIN
Niu Zhijun;You Xinzhao ;and Yang Shaomin
Using the GPS data which is collected from 382 observation stations of inner and outer Tianshan area during 1992~2005,
the velocity field of contemporary crustal deformation in Tianshan area is calculated and the characteristics and means of crustal movement in Tianshan area are analyzed quantitatively. The deformation of this area is controlled by boundary faults. From west to east, the velocity of convergence decreases, the velocity of west Tianshan (72°~77°E) is (20±1)mm/a, the middle Tianshan (77°~82°E) (12±1)mm/a, and the east Tianshan ( 82°~92°E) only (4±1)mm/a. The average velocity of convergence of whole Tianshan is 12mm/a.However the shortening of the crust in Tianshan area is not uniform:The main deformation takes place at the reverse fault and fold zone along both side of Tianshan Mountain. At the inner of Tianshan, the velocity of convergence is nearly zero, i.e. it looks like a rigid body. At the same time, the deformation intensity of the whole Tianshan has a good consistency with the seismic activity. The differential movement of lithosphere and asthenosphere causes the Neozoic deformation of Tianshan. The difference between the crust shortening rates in west and east direction of Tianshan, is resulted from the pushing action by Pamir and the clockwise rotation of Tarim. In the west Tianshan (west to 75°E), the convergence is caused by the push of Pamir in NNW direction, and in the east to 75°E, the difference of tectonic deformation is caused by the clockwise rotation of Tarim.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 3181 ) PDF (4137 KB)   ( 3725 )
10 POSSIBLE RELATION OF HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTFIELD IN NORTH CHINA TO KUNLUN MOUNTAIN Ms8.1 EARTHQUAKE
Yang Guohua ;Jiang Zaiseng ;Liu Guangyu ;and Han Yueping
In order to have a good grasp of the spacetime variation trend of regional strain field on the whole
and describe regional movement field more vividly, on the basis of the region with no rotation,by use of the repeatedly measured GPS data(in 1999,2001 and 2004) come from more than 400 GPS monitoring stations in North China in the Project of “China Crust Movement Measuring Network” ,
the space variation of horizontal movement field during 1999-2001 in North China and the distinction of variations of horizontal movement field during 2001-2004 in contrast with that during 1999-2001 are analyzed with continuous strain model focused on extracting mediumlow frequency strain information.
The results show that firstly, the uneven strains in North China are obvious, results in different periods are distinct from each other on space; secondly ,the movements of former and latter periods are inconsistent obviously; thirdly, Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake in 2001 may act as the main role in controlling the variation of crustal deformation in North China , and cause an obvious extension along the EW direction; fourthly, as a whole, Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake in 2001 decreased and released the accumulated energy in North China to a certain degree .
North China may not enter into strongly seismic activity period soon because there has not been the enough condition yet.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 10-15 [Abstract] ( 3371 ) PDF (4885 KB)   ( 3592 )
16 SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF COSEISMIC DEFORMATIONFIELD OF Ms8.1 EARTHQUAKE IN WEST TOKUNLUN MOUNTAIN PASS
Zhang Xiaoliang ;Jiang Zaisen ;Zhang Xi ;Zhao Yongnian ;and Zhu Guizhi
The coseismic horizontal displacement field caused by the Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake is simulated
by use of elastic finite element method and GPS observations, the coseismic apparent strain variation field and the coseismic dislocation of main active faults are calculated.The results show: 1) the effect of Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake is very obvious on the west strain　field of China, and a principal compressive strain area of high value has been formed near the seismogenic fault at the same time;2) the great earthquake made the east of Xinjiang area and the joint part of Xinjiang and Gansu strongly clockwise rotate, it triggered Yumen Ms5.9 and Shihezi Ms5.4 earthquakes, and made Arjin fault display strong differential motion in different segments;3)the earthquake made the movement of almost the northeastern margin of QinghaiTibet block,
some strain energy was accumulated in Dlha’s adjacent area and the east of northeastern margin of QinghaiTibet reversally; 4)the effect of the great Kunlun Mountain earthquake is big on the joint part of Sichuan
and Tibet,where some strain energy was accumulated while earthquake occurred.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 16-21 [Abstract] ( 2661 ) PDF (2529 KB)   ( 3049 )
22 ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC MODULATING RATIO OF THREE GORGES AREA
Li Puli
The ML≥2.0 earthquakes occured in the Three Gorges area during 2000 to 2005 are spatially and temporally scanned with the method of seismic modulating ratio to find out the potential focal region and high stress concentration zone.The results
show that the anomaly of seismic modulating ratio does not occur with the change of time and space, it indicates that the distribution of crustal media in the Three Gorges area is comparatively uniform, the stress level is not high and in a steady state, and there is
no high stress concentration zone in this area.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 22-24 [Abstract] ( 1952 ) PDF (1044 KB)   ( 3380 )
25 SIMULATION OF INFLUENCE OF LOWERVELOCITY LAYER ON INTENSITY OF QINGHAITIBET PLATEAU LITHOSPHERE WITH 3D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Yang Hui;Wang Yong
The downward deflection of the QinghaiTibet lithosphere due to the topographical load is calculated with finite element method by use of the 3D multilayered shell structural unit. Then, the influence of the lowervelocity layer of thermokarst on the intensity of the QinghaiTibet lithosphere in different regions is studied with multilayered mechanical model, based on the seismicwave velocity structural model and the constrained Moho model. The results show that the lowervelocity layer of thermokarst has a stronger influence on the lithosphere in the eastern region of the QinghaiTibet plateau than that in the western region.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 1904 ) PDF (1219 KB)   ( 4088 )
32 ON Qc VALUE FEATURES OF JIUJIANG-RUICHANG EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE BY SATO MODEL SATO
Lu Jian ;Zhu Xinyun ;Gao Jianhua ;Xiao Jianhua ;Tang Lanrong and Xie Caimei

By use of single scattering model(Sato),the varying characteristics of Qc value of JiujiangRuichang seismic sequence is studied from the digital earthquake record of Jiujiang station. The relation between the frequency and

Qc value is Qc(f)=（19.63±4.81）f 1.183 8±0.094 5.
Before the 2005-12-03 ML3.9 earthquake, the Qc value changed obviously, the mean Qc value was higher, the aftershocks was more active；after this earthquake, the Qc value changed stably, the mean Qc value was lower, the aftershocks was not active. This feature is presumed that the JiujiangRuichang earthquake sequence would come into the quiet state.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 32-36 [Abstract] ( 2078 ) PDF (1455 KB)   ( 3601 )
理论、方法研究
37 A DIRECT TRANSFORMATION FROM GEOCENTRIC CARTESIAN TO GEODETIC COORDINATES
Li Yanxing;Zhang Jinghua;Zhang Junqing;Zhang Zhongfu;and Du Xuesong
On the basis of the analysis of the geometric relation between the geodetic and geocentric coordinates, a tangent quartic equation of geodetic latitude is established and thus the geodetic latitude can be solved directly. The algorithm for solving the quartic equation is simple. The calculated results indicate that the method is better than the existent iterative methods and the direct transformation method in calculating accuracy and efficiency.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 2046 ) PDF (2108 KB)   ( 3350 )
43 CORRELATIONS AMONG PARAMETERS IN SEVEN-PARAMETER TRANSFORMATION MODEL
Wang Jiexian;
The sevenparameter space transformation model can be used to obtain local coordinates from observed WGS84 coordinates.
What is the generalized corrective coefficient is described. And the generalized corrective coefficients among parameters of shift, rotation angles, and scale in sevenparameter transformation model are calculated. The high correlations among the sevenparameters are testified when the transformation model is applied to a small region,
the feasibility of the sevenparameter model and its equivalence to the thereparameter transformation in a small region are demonstrated.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 43-46 [Abstract] ( 2058 ) PDF (344 KB)   ( 4046 )
47 RESEARCH OF GPS ELEVATION FITTING MODELS BASED ON KRIGING METHOD
Zhang Xiaohong ;Cheng Shilai ;and Xu Xiaodong
For solving the GPS elevation surveying problems in the local project,grounding on the principle of height translation as well as the traditional separate function model and statistical model of GPS height fitting, the model synthesized by moving surface model and polyhedral model for GPS elevation fitting based on Kriging method is presented.The GPS leveling experiment in certain area testifies to that this synthesized GPS elevation fitting model integrates the advantage of function model and statistical model, performs more perfectly in theory and improves the elevation precision distinctly in practice.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 47-51 [Abstract] ( 1837 ) PDF (805 KB)   ( 3934 )
52 RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF REGIONAL NO-NET-ROTATION REFERENCE FRAME
Hu Xinkang ;Wang Qian ;Ma Qing ;and Du Xuesong
A new concept of regional NoNetRotation (NNR) reference frame for researching crustal movement is proposed. The GPS data observed in Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas is processed by use of this reference frame
and a new crustal movement velocity field is obtained. The new velocity field describes very well the different kinds of crustal movements, and topographic and geomorphic phenomena in Chinese mainland. The research indicates there is a large leftlateral movement trend in the eastern China, which covers nearly a half of the area of Chinese mainland and affects the crustal movement in the entire eastern China and its adjacent areas.It is considered that the presentday coastline of China seas is just resulted from such a leftlateral movement, and Stype coastline will be more curved in the future.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 52-60 [Abstract] ( 1869 ) PDF (2739 KB)   ( 3407 )
61 EFFECTS OF VERTICAL DEFLECTION CORRECTION ON SEASURFACE HEIGHT MODEL FROM ALTIMETRY DATA
Xing Lelin;Liu Dongzhi;Jin Taoyong ;and Zhou Xin;
The vertical deflection is inversed from JASON1 satellite altimetry data, and the effect of vertical deflection correction on the sea surface height is analyzed. The results show that the error is in the range of -5 to 5 mm, exceeds 10 cm at some points.
It is proposed while building the sea surface height model using the altimeter data, the correction of vertical deflection should be considered, especially in the sea area where vertical deflection is larger.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 61-63 [Abstract] ( 2275 ) PDF (2322 KB)   ( 3671 )
64 GPS/INS ADAPTIVELY INTEGRATED NAVIGATION ALGORITHM BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK
Gao Weiguang;Feng Xin ;and Zhu Dawei
An adaptive factor based on neural network and the discrepancy without enough measurements is set up. And a GPS/INS adaptively integrated navigation algorithm based on neural network is designed.The results from practical example show that the algorithms are valid and reliable when being applied in GPS/INS integrated navigation system.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 64-67 [Abstract] ( 2752 ) PDF (1030 KB)   ( 3800 )
68 ON RELATIVE WEIGHT PROBLEM IN JOINT INVERSION USING LEVELLING AND GRAVITY DATA
Fu Yuning;and Xu Caijun;
How to determine the relative weight ratio factor λ is an important problem when joint inversion is carried out by use of
two or more than two types of observed data. Several means which are used to determine λ in joint inversion using leveling and gravity data are presented, and then these means are discussed through an example of inversing the parameters of a fault and its displacement with the simulated levelling and gravity data. The results show that the normalization is important in the joint inversion. The inversion result is good by use of the relative weight ratio λ determined by Helmert variance estimation combining prioriposterior
information.In addition,the distribution of observation stations and the number of inversed parameters well affect the value of
λ.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 68-74 [Abstract] ( 2055 ) PDF (2239 KB)   ( 3747 )
75 ANALYTICAL HARMONIC DEVELOPMENT OF TIDE-GENERATING POTENTIAL UNDER AN DIGITAL ARITHMETIC
Hao Hongtao;and Sun Heping

According to the astronomical mechanics theory
and by use of an numerical arithmetic, the newest ELP200085 Moon ephemeris and the Newcomb Sun ephemeris, the analytical development of the generating tidal potential is carried out.The ideal HS06 tidal potential catalogue with the accuracy at the level of

10 -11 ms -2 is obtained, this accuracy is at the same level as that of the XI89 catalogue.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 75-79 [Abstract] ( 1899 ) PDF (874 KB)   ( 3722 )
80 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON TWO METHODS FOR IGS PRECISE EPHEMERIS INTERPOLATION
Zhang Shoujian ;Li Jiancheng ;Xing Lelin ;and Hou Yanhui
On the basis of the periodicity of the designed orbit of GPS satellite, trigonometric function polynomial interpolation method is used to interpolate the IGS precise ephemeris. Besides, the accuracies of interpolation and extrapolation of trigonometric function polynomial
interpolation are compared with classic Lagrange interpolation. The result indicates that the former can provide higher accuracy and is more stable.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 80-83 [Abstract] ( 2100 ) PDF (1065 KB)   ( 3925 )
84 COMPARISION AMONG SEVERAL SEQUENTIAL ADJUSTMENT METHODS
Zeng Anmin;and Zhang Liping;
The sequential adjustment probably makes parameters and their posterior covariance fallible if there are anomalies in the prior parameters and the measurement data. After discussing robust estimation for sequential adjustment, the adaptively robust sequential adjustment is conducted, and these methods are compared. A GPS network is calculated respectively by several sequential adjustments methods to test their effects of robust estimation.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 84-88 [Abstract] ( 2108 ) PDF (554 KB)   ( 4392 )
89 DISCUSSION ON RELATION BETWEEN DATUMCONDITION AND COORDINATE SYSTEM
Zhao Yihan ;Wu Jicang;and Wang Wei
Because the free net adjustment model is rankdefect, the normal equation derived with the LS method
has an infinite number of solutions. Geodetically, the configuration of geodetic network can not be fixed. In order to obtain a unique configuration of geodetic network,
some datum conditions should be introduced into. In other words, coordinate system will be determined if datum is given. Therefore datum must involve some information for defining coordinate system. Three kinds of datum conditions and a general solution in free geodetic network adjustment are presented here, and a formula about the relation between datum condition and coordinate system is test through an example.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 89-93 [Abstract] ( 2482 ) PDF (419 KB)   ( 3446 )
94 AN IMPROVED DENOISING ALGORITHM BASED ON WAVELET MODULAR MAXIMUM
He Yonghong;Wen Hongyan;and Jin Pengwei
Combining the method of threshold denoising with scale tracking theory by Witkin,
the improved denosing algorithm of Wavelet modular maximum can reject out the modular maximum value from the noise, and recover the signal efficiently.Compared with the traditional denosing methods by threshold value and translation invariance, the algorithm increases the signal to noise ratio.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 94-98 [Abstract] ( 2746 ) PDF (666 KB)   ( 4180 )
99 BIASED ESTIMATOR BASED ON DIAGNOSIS AND MEASURE OF MULTICOLLINEARITY
Zhang Lei ;Gu Yongwei;Gui Qingming ;and Ma Chaozhong
On the basis of diagnosis and measure of multicollinearity, a new biased estimator of unknown parameters called partial ridge (PR) estimator is proposed for GaussMarkov model. Its properties are discussed, and some important conclusions are drawn. The determination of biased parameter in the PR estimator is discussed too. Both theoretical and computational results demonstrate that the PR estimator is a effective biased estimator for overcoming the effect of multicollinearity and is superior to the ordinary ridge estimator.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 99-102 [Abstract] ( 1851 ) PDF (358 KB)   ( 3106 )
103 NTERPOLATION OF SATELLITE CLOCK BIAS IN LOW EARTH ORBITS DETERMINATION
Guo Dongmei;Han Baomin ;and Xiong Xiong
Several methods to interpolate precise satellite clock bias are introduced. Then, the results obtained by interpolation are compared with that from JPL and other IGS analysis center. Finally, the clock bias results after interpolation are used in the orbit determination for LEOs, and orbit determination accuracies obtained by different methods are analyzed.
Using the GPS data of ground tracking stations to estimate satellite clock bias,
the estimation accuracy is up to 0.1-0.3 ns.When the GPS satellite clock bias is applied to orbit determination for CHAMP,
the accuracy of orbit determination is better than 10 cm.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 103-106 [Abstract] ( 2011 ) PDF (1252 KB)   ( 3723 )
断层探测
107 EXPLORATION AND STUDY OF BURIED FAULTSUNDER A LOOSE OVERBURDEN
Zhao Chengbin ;Yuan Hongke ;Li Deqing ;Sun Zhenguo ;and Zhao Jingyao
For acquiring the properties and activity of the buried fault under the loose overburden in some large cities, the faults in depth from tens metres to two kilometers have been explorated by use of reflectionseismic prospecting method and combining the data in deep and shallow
strata and the properties of the faults and the relations between deep faults and shallow faults are determined. Some characteristics of the buried faults under overburden are analyzed through two examples of prospecting faults. A method combining shallow,middle and deep seismic prospecting of exploring the buried faults is put forward.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 107-113 [Abstract] ( 2952 ) PDF (6784 KB)   ( 3613 )
观测技术
114 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION RESULTS WITH FG5/232ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETER
Liu Dongzhi;Xing Lelin;Xu Rugang ;Shen Chongyang; ;and Li Hui;

The technical characters, the basic principle and the experimental observation of FG5/232 absolute gravimeter are introduced. The results indicate that the standard deviation is under ±

2×10 -8 ms -2 satisfying the requirement for high precision measurement in earthquake monitoring.It is suggested that the reasonable set number and set drop number are about 13-15 and 100 respectively in general.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 114-118 [Abstract] ( 3132 ) PDF (761 KB)   ( 3638 )
119 APPLICATION AND ERROR ANALYSIS OF MICROMAGNITUDE MEASUREMENT WITH LINEAR CCD
Yang Boxiong;Liu Haibo;Lu Jie;Chen Zhigao; ;and Fu Huiqing;
The linear CCD can be applied in onedimensional untouchable micromagnitude measurement.
The basic procedure of this method is establishing the function relation between the diffracted size of measured object and the CCD video signal to measure precisely the micromagnitude.
Besides,the error of this measurement method is analyzed.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 119-121 [Abstract] ( 2060 ) PDF (1654 KB)   ( 3618 )
122 STUDY ON HLS ACCORDING TO FLUID MECHANICA THEORY
He Xiaoye ;and He Xiaohong
In the light of the fluid mechanics theory, the movement state of liquid in hydrostatic leveling system and the time taken by the system which regains the equilibrium of hydrostatics when it has been broken by external disturbances are analyzed.By analysing the relation between the inner diameter of water pipe and the damped oscillation of the water in pipe, the optimal diameter can be chosen in accordance with the range of HLS system.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 122-124 [Abstract] ( 2477 ) PDF (498 KB)   ( 3257 )
125 ON WEIGHTED ADDITIVE CONSTANT AND MULTIPLICATIONCONSTANT IN VERIFICATION OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Yang Weifang;Yang Boxiong ;and Fu Huiqng
The weighted leastsquares formulae for additive constant and multiplicative constant in the verification of Electrooptical Distance Measurement are deduced.The results from an example show that the weighted calculation affects the estimations of additive constant and multiplication constant with baseline comparison method,specially for multiplicative constant.So it is proposed that the weighted calculations for additive constant and mulitiplicative constant should be carried out in the current verification regulation.
2007 Vol. 27 (2): 125-127 [Abstract] ( 1937 ) PDF (320 KB)   ( 3213 )
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