大地测量与地球动力学
 
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2008 Vol.28 Issue.4
Published 2008-10-18
院士论坛
1 CHINESE MODERN GEODETIC DATUM SUITABLE FOR DYNAMIC EARTH AND INFORMATION ERA
Chen Junyong
The modernization progress of geodetic datum in Japan, Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, and Malaysia is concisely introduced. The present situation of Chinese geodetic coordinate system and frame is reviewed. The definition and geodetic fundamental constants of Chinese geocentric 3D coordinate system(CGCS2000) is introduced, which will be employed since 2008 July 1st. The corresponding coordinate frame with CGCS2000 is discussed. The necessary conditions for the frame to realize the CGCS 2000 are enough number, proper density and high accuracy of national GNSS continuously operating stations and national geodetic control points. The former has not yet been established till now, and the latter contains the 2000 national GPS network and the national astrogeodetic network batch adjusted with the GPS network mentioned. The influences on the current existing Chinese maps with various scales, especially the topographic map, caused by the change, such as the changes of latitude, longitude, Gauss plane coordinates of the surface points and their projection on the map of the coordinate systems are discussed. The variation of the orientation and the length of the lines between the points on the map (including map outlines) are given in numerical cases as well.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 3125 ) PDF (422 KB)   ( 3109 )
地壳变形与地震
1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL DYNAMIC EVOLUTION REVEALEDBY GPS OBSERVATION BEFORE WENCHUAN 8.0 EARTHQUAKE
Zhang Xiaoliang;Zhang Xi;Wang Shuangxu;Jiang Fengyun;and Zhu Liangyu
By using the GPS velocity fields of China mainland in three time periods since 1999, the characteristics of crustal dynamic evolution before Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake was studied. From the results following knowledges can be drawn.1)The Wenchuan earthquake had taken place in the zone where crustal squeezed movements were blocked obviously. There was a large obstacle existed in the seismogenic zone, and the fault nearby the epicenter was in strong blocking state for many years.2)With the Wenchuan earthquake approaching, the compressive zone in the west to epicenter gradually expanded to east obviously. In some local areas, the direction of principal compressive strain deflected northward, and right lateral shear slip enhanced obviously.3)The sectional features of coseismic deformation
in Whenchuan earthquake and 6.0 or more aftershock distribution were closely related to the sectional movement deformation of the fault and its vicinal zone.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 1460 ) PDF (2412 KB)   ( 2777 )
地壳形变与地震
7 PRELIMINARY STUDY ON MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT BEFORE AND AFTER Ms8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
Jiao Qing;Yang Xuanhui;Xu Liqing;and Wang Bo
In this paper by utilizing the mobile shortline leveling data across the Longmenshan fault
the variation characteristics at each observation site before and after the Wenchuan earthquake are analyzed. By analyzing the motion type and stress pattern of the Longmenshan fault we investigated the seismogenic process and mechanism of the earthquake. The preliminary results are as follows. a) Before the Wenchuan earthquake the crossfault shortline leveling in 2006 showed the activity at all of the stations of Longmenshan fault with
a characteristic of accelerative movement to different degrees. b) Before the earthquake the shortline leveling
indicated that the middlesouth segment of Longmenshan fault showed reverse faulting movement, and the fault deformation was of
inversive “S” type. c) Before and after the Wenchuan earthquake the crossfault displacement measurements reflected the spatialtemporal evolution of the accumulation and release of regional surface stress, the interpretation of their mechanism is basically consistent with the focal mechanism solution.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 7-11 [Abstract] ( 2116 ) PDF (2968 KB)   ( 3911 )
12 RECENT HORIZONTAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENT ANDSTRAIN ACCUMULATION IN NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF QINGHAI-TIBET BLOCK
Zhang Xi ;Zhang Xiaoliang ;Wang Shuangxu ;and Jiang Fengyun
By use of horizontal velocity data observed by GPS during 2001—2004 and 2004—2007 in the northeastern margin of QinghaiTibet block, aided by the negative dislocation model, the characteristics of horizontal crustal movement and the status of strain accumulation of this area are researched and following conclusion are drawn. During the period of 2004—2007, the regional stress field,
after the adjustment through the Kunlun Mountains, Yumen and Minle earthquakes,
entirely reflects reconstructing features in accordance with its longterm background field.
The eastern segment of Qilian Mountain fault zone roughly maintains the accumulating background of 2001—2004, there appears strengthening in the middlewestern segment of Qilian Mountain fracture zone, the southern segment of Zhuanglanghe fault and block of southern Gansu and Hexi corridor relative to 2001—2004; the eastern segment of Animaqing fracture zone，the northern foot fault of Qinling Range also
present the features of stressstrain accumulation.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 12-16 [Abstract] ( 3139 ) PDF (2001 KB)   ( 3590 )
17 ON CURRENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY IN JIANGSU-SHANDONG-ANHUI AREA
Guo Liangqian;and Huang Liren
The results of multiphase relevelling data obtained from 1956 to 1999 suggest that the current tectonic activities of the Jiaodong, Subei, TaishanYishanMengshan and Huaihe blocks are characterized by tilting and some of them predominate in depression state in certain periods. Among the 4 blocks, the Jiaodong block was distinctively active in the period of 1956-1978, which was related to the development and occurrence of Bohai Ms7.4 earthquake in the northword extending segment of the Tanlu fault zone. The Subei block was rather active in the periods of 1978-1985 and 1990-1995, which was associated with the development and occurrence of the Ms6.2
and Ms6.1 South Huanghai earthquakes in the eastern part of the Subei block.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 17-24 [Abstract] ( 2031 ) PDF (7156 KB)   ( 2889 )
25 INFLUENCE OF KUNLUN MOUNTAIN Ms8.1 EARTHQUAKE ON CRUSTAL MOVEMENT IN SICHUANYUNNAN REGION
Fang Ying;Jiang Zaisen;and Gu Guohua
The correlation between crustal deformation in SichuanYunnan region and Kunlun Mountain \%M\%s8.1 earthquake was analyzed by use of GPS data.The results showed that there is good correlation between the displacements at a part of GPS stations in SichuanYunnan area and at stations around the epicenter of the Kunlun Mountain Ms 8.1 earthquake.At the same time,
the spacetime process of deformation field of the Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake in this region was analyzed with the principal component analysis (PCA). The conclusion are as follows. The deformation caused by Ms8.1 earthquake is extensive, whose affect is mostly NS displacement. The affected area are mostly in Northwest Sichuan block, specially near its south boundary such as Eryuan faults and Xiaojinhe faults, but,there is almost no effect in midYunnan block. The effect weakens obviously in the north and east areas of SichuanYunnan block.An obvious deformation boundary appears in the east boundaries of SichuanYunnan block,but little deformation difference appeares in its west boundaries (Lancangjiang faults). The deformation caused by Kunlun Mountain strong earthquake probably transfer to the southeast words along the arc shearing tectonic faults, mainly along the east boundaries of SichuanYunnan block.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 25-30 [Abstract] ( 2298 ) PDF (3292 KB)   ( 3318 )
31 A SECTIONALIZED FAULT MODEL OF KUNLUN Ms8.1 EARTHQUAKE IN CONSTRAINT OF GPS DATA
Deng Mingli;Sun Heping ;and Xu Jianqiao

It is founded that there are significant differences in the hypocentral parameters of the Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in some present corresponding studies. This work is based on the multirupture segment superposition model obtained by the conversion from the InSar data. According to the point dislocation theory, some focal parameters have been reasonably modified by means of the inversion technique of forward simulation in constraint of the GPS measurements,thus a new model of the Kunlun Mountain

Ms8.1 earthquake is obtained.As a result, the co-seismic horizontal deformation field, which is in better agreement with the GPS measurements and the field investigation results, has been deduced. Meanwhile, the coseismic vertical deformation and gravity changes are given.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 31-37 [Abstract] ( 2131 ) PDF (4155 KB)   ( 3775 )
38 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VERTICAL CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN THREE GORGES AREA BASED ON SRTM
Liang Xiaoxi;and Du Ruilin
The water loading was simulated based on the digital terrain model of the Three Gorges region．The vertical deformation of the Three Gorges area was calculated according to the Farrell’s globosity deformation theory．The results show that the distribution of vertical deformation is the same as that of the new increased loading and the longer the distance from the reservoir bank is,the more rapidly the values reduce.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 38-43 [Abstract] ( 2293 ) PDF (5293 KB)   ( 3512 )
44 PROGRESS AND CURRENT SITUATION OF RESEARCHON THEORY AND OBSERVATION OF GRAVITY CHANGECAUSED BY SEISMICITY AND VOLCANISM
Sun Wenke
The history,current situation of the research on dislocation theory and its contribution to seismology and geodesy,especially,the latest research achievement of the dislocation theory of spherically symmetric and 3D spherical earth models and concerned gravity changes are described in brief.In addition,the computation method and possible problems in the application of dislocation theory to the analysis of the observations of gravity satellite are discussed.Through some observational instances the progress and important achievement in the research on the theory and observation of the gravity change caused by seismicity and vilcanism are intorduced.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 44-53 [Abstract] ( 2796 ) PDF (5074 KB)   ( 3885 )
54 CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE GRAVITY CHANGES CAUSED BY A FAULT OR FAULTS DISLOCATION
Tan Hongbo;Shen Chongyang;and Li Hui;
According to the theory of gravity changes caused by dislocation on a rectangular plane buried in a homogeneous elastic halfspace the characteristics of surface gravity changes caused by one fault or combination of two faults are studied. The main conclusion
are: 1) For one fault, the effect of surface elevation change is larger than the effect of density change or horizontal displacement change. The depth of the fault, the dip angle, the magnitude of dislocation(U\-1、U\-2、U\-3) and the way of dislocation have also large effects on the surface gravity change; 2) For the combination of two faults, when they are in the same depth, the relative position of the faults have great effect on the surface gravity changes, when they are in different depth, the shallow fault plays a dominant role in the total surface gravity change, but the deep fault may also have great effect on it if the deep fault has different characters.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 54-62 [Abstract] ( 2787 ) PDF (10157 KB)   ( 2853 )
63 ANALYSIS OF SEISMICITY IN BADONGAREA OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR
Li Feng ;Han Xiaoyu ;Dan Wei ;and Geng Ailing
In Badong alongshore zone of the Three Gorges reservoir and its adjacent regions, the changes of seismicity
and strength are caused by the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir. According to the basic seismic data and characteristic of wave, the earthquakes in this area can be distinguished into tectonic earthquake and atectonic earthquake. The latter includes karst collapse, mining collapse and hill collapse and all of them are caused by water action of reservoir i.e. they are reservoirinduced earthquake.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 63-67 [Abstract] ( 2270 ) PDF (3960 KB)   ( 3511 )
68 STUDY ON MONITORING LAND SUBSIDENCE IN TIANJIN WITH GPS
Dong Kegang ;Yi Changrong ;Xu Caijun ; and Wang Wei
Based on data from 12 continuous GPS stations across Tianjin,the possibility of monitoring the land subsidence with GPS in this area is discussed.Then some strategies are used to produce the height time series and the result indicates that the WRMS of height is better than 3 mm.Through series the height changes during 2006 are presented and the land subsidence considence consists with that with leveling.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 68-71 [Abstract] ( 2978 ) PDF (1496 KB)   ( 3543 )
72 COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENT OF ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETER SURVEYING IN CHINA MAINLAND
Xuan Songbai;Xing Lelin;He Zhitang ;Zhang Shiwei ;and Li Hui;
To calibrate absolute gravimeter of type FG5 and test its performance, a comparative experiment had been carried out at point 3053 of Institute of Seismology,CEA in 2008.1.
The experiment shows that there is no obvious system error between FG5214 and FG5232. Both FG5214 and FG5232 have the strong ability of antijamming and repetitiveness, their inner coincidence accuracy are about(2~3)×10 -8 ms -2 .
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 72-74 [Abstract] ( 2189 ) PDF (502 KB)   ( 4257 )
75 KINEMATICAL MODEL OF CRUSTAL BLOCKS OF CHINACONTINENT REVEALED BY GPS MEASUREMENTS
Wang Wei;and Wang Qi

Using the measurements at 1 683 GPS stations in China continent and its adjacent areas,we built a kinematical deformation model of the continent composed of 31 active blocks which are bounded on about 30 Quaternary active faults with different atlitude and slipping rate less than 20 mm/a.In modeling,the tectonic deformation of the continent is regarded as the combination of coherent motion of the relevant block and elastic strain induced by locking of boundary fault. The simulated results show that,in the GPS measurement accuracy range,the model reflects the main features of tectomic deformation of China continent well.
The slip rates offerred by the kinematic model of the major faults in QinghaiTibet plateau and surrounding area are in ranges of 6-18 mm/a
and 1-4 mm/a in Eastern China, which are consistent with geological observation in long time. The numerical simulation indicates that the internal deformation of crustal blocks compared with the local deformation of the margin zone of 50-100 km wide is limited, about 10 ×

10-9/a. This suggests that the continental deformation pattern is not continuouslike but blocklike，and the plate tectonics principle may still be applicable to characterize the deformation kinematics in Asia.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 75-82 [Abstract] ( 2146 ) PDF (1534 KB)   ( 4412 )
83 STUDY ON UPPER LAYER GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION IN CHINA MARGINAL SEA BY USE OF DATA OF SATELLITE GRAVITY AND SATELLITE ALTIMETRY
Zhou Xuhua;Wang Hubiao;and Zhan Jingang
The multi-year mean upper layer geostrophic circulation in China coastal waters and the seasonal circulation in south China sea are studied by using the sea level anomaly based on satellite altimetry technique associated with the stable sea surface topography from the satellite gravity data. The research results show the clear Kuroshio effects on the circulation in China coastal waters, and the circulation in South China Sea is predominated by seasonal variation, in winter the whole circulation appears to be cyclone consisted of two subbasin cyclonic gyres in the south and north respectively, in summer the circulation is whole anticyclonic. Through the comparison of the calculated geostrophic circulation with the satellite tracking surface drifting buoy, it is found that the calculated result is in good agreement with surface observation.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 83-88 [Abstract] ( 2090 ) PDF (3602 KB)   ( 3679 )
理论方法研究
89 EXPRESSION OF STRAIN TENSOR IN ORTHOGONAL CURVILINEAR COORDINATES
Liu Xuyan ;Ji Yingfeng ;and Liang Quanqiang
When the Lame coefficient and unit vector which characterize the strain tensor of Cartesian coordinates are given anew and substituted into orthogonal curvilinear coordinates it is found that the strain tensor in Cartesian coordinates is the function of Lame coefficient and unit vector.Using the transformation matrix between the Cartesian coordinates and orthogonal curvilinear ones we have deduced the mathematical expression of the corection for the displacement differential of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and given the genenal expression of the strain tensor in this coordinates.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 89-96 [Abstract] ( 2502 ) PDF (667 KB)   ( 3848 )
97 EXTRACTION OF COMMON MODE ERRORS FOR CONTINUOUS GPS NETWORKS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS
Wu Jicang;Sun Yafeng;and Liu Chaogong
How to reduce the common mode errors of the time coordinate series is important for the extraction of crustal deformation. The use of principal component analysis and KarhunenLoeve expansion approaches can reduce the common mode errors of the time coordinate series. We apply the combination of PCA and KLE to analyze the daily time coordinate series of the six stations of Southern California Integrated GPS Network for about five years,and we demonstrate that those stations all contain the common mode errors. The root mean squares of the time coordinate series are significantly reduced by reducing the common mode errors, thereby improving the accuracy of deformation analysis.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 97-101 [Abstract] ( 2144 ) PDF (1243 KB)   ( 3803 )
102 ANALYSIS AND IMPROVMENT OF DE-NOISING METHOD FOR WAVELET PACKET
Qu Guoqing;Dang Yamin ;Zhang Chuanyin ;and Su Xiaoqing
Wavelet packet analysis is a precise analysis method. There are two key points—choosing threshold and quantitating threshold of wavelet packet coefficients—in wavelet packet denoising method. In this paper, the two points in different methods are analyzed and compared,
and the choosing threshold method is improved. Through simulative test, comparing SNR and MSE of original signal and that of signal after
denoising to evaluate the effect of those methods, it is proved that the improved method attains good results and is superior to other methods.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 102-106 [Abstract] ( 2170 ) PDF (1539 KB)   ( 3517 )
107 APPROXIMATE COMPUTATION OF EXPECTATION AND VARIANCEOF NONLINEAR FUNCTION OF CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
Zhang Songlin ; and Zhang Kun
In order to analyze the effect of the nonlinearity of the function on calculating the expectation and variance of nonlinear function of continuous random variable, a set of examples are designed. The calculated results show that the approximate method is suitable to nonlinear functions with weak nonlinearity, and the stronger the nonlinearity of the function, the more the bias of the approximate estimations, especially for the approximate estimation of variance.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 107-110 [Abstract] ( 2878 ) PDF (347 KB)   ( 4906 )
111 SURFACE FITTING ALGORITHM OF RADAR ANTENNA PROFILE MEASUREMENT
Chen Xingquan ;and Wang Jiexian;
Radar antennas on long-period erection state can easily lead to deformation. Therefore, periodical test is required.
However,the standard equation parameters of the curved surface can not be computed out with existing surface fitting methods. A general quadric equation and eigenvalue condition are used to fit the elliptic paraboloid equation, and the conversion relationship between the measurement coordinates and the standard coordinates expounded. Besides, the relationship between eigenvectors and rotation angles is shown. The general format of elliptic paraboloid equation is converted into standard format. An engineering example verifies that this method is applicable.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 111-114 [Abstract] ( 2704 ) PDF (540 KB)   ( 3103 )
115 DISCUSSION ON ORBIT FITTING AND ORBIT FORECASTING OF LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES
Zhang Ruwei;and Liu Genyou
The orbit fitting and forecasting of CHAMP satellite as an LEO example is discussed. The influence on fitting accuracy in the selection of different fitting time length and different polynomial order by use of Chebyshev polynomial is analyzed，and the feasibility of orbit forecasting in a short time is discussed as well.The fitting results with Chebyshev polynomial, Lagrange polynomial and normal polynomial are compared with each other,it indicates that Chebyshev polynomial is superior to both the others.In addition,the
accuracy of forecasting orbit by using Chebyshev polynomial based on the mlevel orbit of single point orbiting, and numerical stability of the method is verified. it is proved that the Chebyshev polynomial can be used for realtime forecasting LEO orbit in a short time.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 115-120 [Abstract] ( 2311 ) PDF (921 KB)   ( 4875 )
121 MULTI-FREQUENCY COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF BUILDING OSCILLATION BASED ON GA
Qin Shiwei;Gu Chuan ;and Pan Guorong
Multifrequency component analysis method of building oscillation signal based on spectral analysis proposed previously
is an approximate one, as the error is quite large. A new method based on genetic algorithm(GA) is proposed in this paper. In order to explain the advantages of GA identification method compared with spectral identification method and the feasibility of the application to multifrequency component analysis of building oscillation signal, a set of simulated signal(without noise and with random white noise) and a set of building oscillation observations were adopted. Both the methods were applied to analyze the multifrequency components of both sets of signal and the results were compared. Comparison consequence indicates that GA identification method has superiority over spectral identification method, and can be preferably used in actual engineering.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 121-124 [Abstract] ( 2692 ) PDF (2427 KB)   ( 3266 )
观测技术
125 RESEARCH ON INTEGRATING NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN PRECURSOR STATIONS INTO TENTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN PRECURSOR NETWORK
Wang Jun ;Zhao Gang ;He Anhua ;Guo Miaoxi ;Guo Bolin ;and Qing Jiugang
It’s urgent to integrate the Ninth Fiveyear Plan digital precursor stations into the Tenth Fiveyear Plan precursor network after the completion of the Tenth Fiveyear network. Corresponding to different station conditions, four solutions are proposed to conveniently connect the Ninth Fiveyear Plan earthquake instruments to the Tenth Fiveyear Plan earthquake precursor network. Among them the special network interface solution has been applied in Baijiantuan earthquake station in Beijing and has quite an effect.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 125-130 [Abstract] ( 2596 ) PDF (1191 KB)   ( 3341 )
131 DISCUSSION ON APPLICATION OF STIPULATIONOF NETWORK COMMUNICATION FOR EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORY OBSERVATION DEVICES
Wang Xiuying;Zhou Zhenan;and Liu Aichun
Through summarizing the application of the stipulation of network communication for earthquake precursory observation devices, the advantages and disadvantages about the stipulation are listed and some advices on how to complete the stipulation to adapt the new demands of IPv6 network are given.
2008 Vol. 28 (4): 131-135 [Abstract] ( 2896 ) PDF (1247 KB)   ( 3569 )
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