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2008 Vol.28 Issue.5
Published 2008-12-12
院士论坛
1 CHINA GEODETIC COORDINATE SYSTEM 2000 AND ITS COMPARISON WITH WGS84
Wei Ziqing
This paper addresses the reason why a geocentric coordinate system is adopted for us, and expounds the definition and realization of the China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000（CGCS2000） and compares it with WGS84. The CGCS2000 is a geocentric system adopting the GRS80 ellipsoid, and is realized by coordinates and velocities at epoch 2000.0 of the points of the national GPS geodetic network 2000. It is consistent with ITRF and compatible with WGS84.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 4441 ) PDF (1075 KB)   ( 6198 )
地壳形变与地震
6 SIMULATION OF COSEISMIC GRAVITY CHANGES AND DEFORMATION EFFECT OF WENCHUAN Ms8.0 EARTHQUAKE
Shen Chongyang;Li Hui;and Tan Hongbo;
According to the halfspace dislocation theory and the fault models inversed by Institute of Geophysics, CEA and USGS, we calculated the surface coseismic gravity changes and displacements caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, respectively. The simulated results show that 1) the characteristics of the dislocation are dipslip and dextral strike slip; 2) the distribution of coseismic gravity changes is with a pattern in four quadrants, which is, especially in the nearfield controlled greatly by the distribution of vertical displacements; 3) the gravity change is usually less than 10×10 -8 ms -2 in the farfield but up to several 100×10 -8 ms -2 in the nearfield.Generally, the calculations agree with the observations well.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 6-12 [Abstract] ( 2352 ) PDF (6409 KB)   ( 3556 )
13 MEDIUM-TERM PREDICTION OF YUTIAN,XINJIANG Ms 7.3 EARTHQUAKE IN 2008
Zhu Yiqing;Xu Yunma ;and Liang Weifeng
Based on the gravity variation data repeatedly measured in the Project of China Crust Movement Measuring Network and related stong seismicity,the authors had predicted in December, 2006 that an event of Ms 6-7 would break out in the area with 36.0°N and 80.0°E as its center and 200 km as its radius during 2007-2008.This paper destribes the scientific basis and dynamic image of the gravity field on which the mediumterm prediction was made.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 13-15 [Abstract] ( 3093 ) PDF (1304 KB)   ( 3542 )
16 TRIGGER ACTION OF BRIDGMAN EFFECT ON STRONG EARTHQUAKES ANALYZED FROM DEEP TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS
Li Songlin ;Lai Xiaoling ;He Jiayong ;and Tian Jianhua
In the light of the results of deep exploration by Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA，it can be found that many strong earthquake focuses locate at the margin of upper mantle uplifts, and the Moho in an uplift region is no longer a sharp discontinuity, but a very complicated transitional zone due to the upsurging of deep substances. It is certain that the upsurging action must have a considerable effect on the faults nearby. A preliminary study is made from viewpoint of Bridgman effect. A relative rotation slip of two walls of a fault can be realized through chasestyle motion, and no preleft space is necessary at the two ends of the fault. Thus, the relative rotation will be much easier to take place than shear faulting. Due to the rotational movement caused by the uplifting action, the barriers existing on the contact surface of two walls will be destroyed and the contact surface will become smoother. It paves the way for future shear faulting.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 16-20 [Abstract] ( 2387 ) PDF (2015 KB)   ( 3285 )
21 PARAMETERS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF COULOMBSTRESS CHANGE IN STATIC STRESS TRIGGERING
Zhou Yuming ;Shan Bin;and Xiong Xiong
On the basis of on the elastic dislocation theory, we analyzed influences of the effective friction factor in the fault for the calculation of the Coulomb stress and the magnitude and birextion of the maximum principle stress of
and regional stress field on the coseismic Coulomb stress changes. The results show that the above mention parameters have the influences on the coseismic Coulomb stress changes significantly to different extent. First, the Coulomb stress change is most sensitive to the regional stress direction, because the regional stress direction changes directly affect the optimum rapture planes. Secondly, Coulomb stress change is modestly sensitive to the of effective friction factor, because the friction decides the weight of normal stress change in Coulomb stress change calculation. At last, our results are insensitive to the regional stress amplitude, because the amplitude of Coulomb stress change is much smaller than that of regional stress field.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 21-26 [Abstract] ( 2401 ) PDF (5018 KB)   ( 3580 )
27 ON OSCILLATION WAVES INDUCED BY GREAT FARFIELDEARTHQUAKE AND ITS SPECTRUM FROM SSY EXTENSOMETER DATA
Zhang Zhiwei ;Cheng Wanzheng ;and Ruan Xiang
On the basis of the observations of SSY quartz extensometers at Guza and PanzhihuaNanshan stations in Sichuan province, the oscillation wave trains excited by the Sumatra Ms8.7 earthquake on December 26, 2004 in Indonesia，the Hokkaido Ms8.0 earthquake on September 26, 2003 in Japan and the Ms7.9 earthquake on September 27, 2003 on the borders of Russia, Mongolia and China were decomposed by wavelet transform and the spectrum analysis were done, and the analysis results were compared with the usual observation records. The time of oscillation waves excited by great farfield earthquake from SSY quartz extensometer observation data lags，several main frequency components of spectrum structure obtained by decomposing oscillation wave trains are in accordance with some modes of earth’s free oscillations.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 27-33 [Abstract] ( 2112 ) PDF (2333 KB)   ( 3283 )
34 STUDY ON PRECIPITABLE WATER VAPOR WITHOUT METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Yu Shengjie;and Liu Lintao
The pressure and temperature parameters are the prerequisite for the precise precipitable water vapor monitoring based on the ground GPS. When lacking in the above meteorological data, the precipitable water vapor is firstly derived on the basis of the extrapolated pressure and temperature, and its precision is also analyzed. At the same time, the linear relationship from fitting between the precipitable water vapor and zenith total delay is used to get the precipitable water vapor. The conclusion shows that, the precision of the precipitable water vapor from fitting is higher thanks to the avoidance of the apriori error. So, once the empirical relationship is determined, we can monitor the precipitable water vapor using GPS in high precison.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 34-38 [Abstract] ( 2391 ) PDF (1187 KB)   ( 3679 )
39 STUDY ON VARIATIONS OF GLOBAL CONTINENTAL WATER STORAGE WITH GRACE GRAVITY FIELD MODELS
Zhu Guangbin;Li Jiancheng ;Wen Hanjiang ;and Wang Jianqiang
By use of the GRACE Level2 products, the variations of global continental water storage are deduced and in the deduction,
the problems in the choice of Gaussian filter radius and the truncated degree are discussed. The computation results
are good as with Gaussian smoothing radius of 800km and truncated till 20, and the variations of global continental water storage are in accord with those from CPC model in regional scale and seasonal scale.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 39-44 [Abstract] ( 3028 ) PDF (6450 KB)   ( 4177 )
45 STUDY ON WATERWELL EARTH TIDE AND ATMOSPHERICRESPONSE IN THREE GORGES WELL NETWORK
Zhang Weihua;Mei Jianchang;Li Jiaming; and Li Jinggang;
On the basis of analysis of the change of water level related to earth tide,atmospheric pressure at 8 stations among the the ground water monitoring well network in the Three Gorges,the sensitivity of response to earth tide,coefficient of atmospheric pressure are cauculated.It can be shown that because of the particular well location,high elastic modulus,low porosity and high compressibility coefficient, the water well is quite sensitive to small stressstrain variations.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 45-49 [Abstract] ( 2088 ) PDF (1495 KB)   ( 4048 )
理论、方法研究
50 RESEARCH ON ACCURACY OF QUASIGEOID WITH FITTING METHODS UNDER DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION OF GPS POINTS
Yao Jili ;Qu Guoqing ;Liu Keli ;and Gao Peng
The aim of this study is to find out the relation between density of GPS leveling points and interpolation error, and to provide scientific basis for planning GPS leveling network and three following chief contents are given. (1) The GPS leveling points are divided into two groups,one is called fitting points that are used to fitting guasi-geoid, and those in another group are called check points that are used to check the interpolation error. (2) Using four fitting methods with six parameters, Multicurve function, Moving curve and fitting element method to fit the local quasigeoid and the fitting accuracy will be evaluated with the check points. (3) Through the calculation and analysis, the anwsers are: a) The accuracy of local quasigeoid is higher than 2 centimetre with practical third grade leveling combining with GPS; b）Interpolated nomal height can take place of fourth grade leveling when GPS density resolutions are 1 000 meter, 1 250 meter and1 500 meter;c）When the resolution is 2 000 meters, the interpolation nomal height can take place of fourth grade leveling only by use of finite the limted element method.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 50-54 [Abstract] ( 2977 ) PDF (2947 KB)   ( 3736 )
55 STUDY ON ESTABLISHING UNITED LINEAR ENGINEERING COORDINATE SYSTEM
Yao Lianbi;Sun Huimin ; and Yao Ping
We put forward a method for applying an engineering ellipsoid to establish an united linear engineering coordinate system and introduce the GPS data processing in this course, and then a practical example is analyzed for the test.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 55-58 [Abstract] ( 2276 ) PDF (869 KB)   ( 3232 )
59 SEQUENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCURATE ESTIMATION OF CYCLE SLIPS IN HIGH ORDER DIFFERENTIAL
Wang Aisheng; and Ou Jikun
The concepts of independent and dependent cycle slips are presented, the characteristic subseries related to independent cycle slips in high order differential series is given and the fact that dependent cycle slips is overlapped in high order differential is found, and
its characteristic subseries is also given. So we suggest a new method using which cycle slips can be detected and fixed. In this method high order differentials is considered as measurements, observation equation is built in term of characteristic subseries, and LeastSquares adjustment is used. Detection of cycle slips is equivalent to locating characteristic subseries.
An example shows that this method can be used to detect dependent cycle slips which can not be detected using predecessor.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 59-64 [Abstract] ( 1994 ) PDF (960 KB)   ( 3315 )
65 RESEARCH ON ACCURACY TEST OF RTK-GPS DYNAMIC POSITIONING
Qin Shiwei;Gu Chuan ;and Pan Guorong
Background noise of RTKGPS is tested. Three movement simulation equipments are designed, which are linear movement, sinusoidal movement and circular movement. Positioning accuracy and effects of RTKGPS under three movement patterns are tested. Test results indicate that the test methods designed can make the positioning accuracy and advantages of RTKGPS understood directly, which has certain positive significance for extending the application of RTKGPS in dynamic monitoring of large-scale engineering buildings and natural disasters.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 65-67 [Abstract] ( 2288 ) PDF (1457 KB)   ( 3753 )
68 METHOD OF RATIO ACCUMULATION OF GNSS AND FAST DOUBLE-DIFFERENCED AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION
Tang Weiming ;Sun Hongxing ; and Chen Jiang
On the basis of LAMBDA method and the characteristics of single epoch ambiguity resolution，this paper proposes a method of multiple epoch ambiguity resolution——Ratio Accumulation Method and then introduced the widelane ambiguity resolution and L1 and L2 ambiguity resolution using Ratio Accumulation Method. At last, the results of examples indicate that Ratio Accumulation Method has advantages integraling single epoch ambiguity resolution’s simplicity and high reliability of multiple epoch ambiguity resolution.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 68-72 [Abstract] ( 2390 ) PDF (356 KB)   ( 4355 )
73 COMBINATION FORECASTING OF DEFORMATION DATABASED ON FORECASTING EFFECTIVENESS
Gu Chuan ;and Qin Shiwei;
A combination forecasting method based on forecasting effectiveness is proposed and applied in deformation forecasting. An engineering example indicates that with the combination forecasting method based on forecasting effectiveness we can achieve better forecasting result compared with ordinary combination forecasting methods.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 73-76 [Abstract] ( 2239 ) PDF (330 KB)   ( 3767 )
77 APPLYING TOTAL LEAST SQUARES TO THREEDIMENSIONAL DATUM TRANSFORMATION
Lu Jue;Chen Yi ;and Zheng Bo
Through the comparative research on applicability and superiority of Total Least Squares(TLS) and least squares in the space rectangular coordinates tranformation with 3-D small angles, it is found that in this kind of 3-D coordinate transformation because there are observational errors of the point coordinate in both the previous and new coordinate systems,if the coefficient matrix A and observed vector b of the error equation are corrected simulaneously with the TLS,thus more reasonable computation model can built out.The calculated example has proved that the more accurate coordinate transformation parameter solution can be given with TLS as compared with the LS.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 77-81 [Abstract] ( 2167 ) PDF (364 KB)   ( 4577 )
82 HEIGHT ANOMALY SURFACE SIMULATION BASEDON HIGH ACCURACY SURFACE MODEL
Chen Chuanfa ;Yue Tianxiang ;Zhang Zhaojie ;and Du Zhengping
The grid resolution of the height anomaly surface simulation based on High Accuracy Surface Modelling (HASM) has been computed in the error theory，thus we can avoid the complicated Taylor expansion and solve the location differences between sampling points and the central points of grid of the simulation surfaces. A certain area was employed to compare the simulation errors between HASM and the classical methods of height anomaly surface fitting. The results show that HASM is much more accurate than the classical methods.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 82-86 [Abstract] ( 2282 ) PDF (1347 KB)   ( 3326 )
87 IMPROVEMENT OF BANCROFT ALGORITHM
Ruan Rengui;and Hao Jinming
Methods for determining the correct solution of BancroftAlgorithm are discussed and
the new robust BancroftAlgorithm based on the residuals of Lorentz inner product equation is developed to avoid frequently square root computing. In order to improve numerical stability and reduce memory space cost, orthogonalization algorithm is introduced. The stimulation experiment indicates that the new robust BancroftAlgorithm has the same antioutlier effect with the old one, but reduces the time cost by a factor about 30%.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 87-90 [Abstract] ( 2883 ) PDF (352 KB)   ( 3167 )
91 APPLICATION OF COLLOCATION WITH CONSTRAINTS IN GIS ERROR FITTING
Zhang Juqing ;Yang Yuanxi ;and Zhang Liang
Collocation is usually applied to deal with the parameter estimation, which contains the trend parameters and stochastic parameters. A more general collocation method is proposed, in which not only the two quadratic forms of residuals and signals are minimized, but also some geometrical or physical constraints must be satisfied. The collocation estimators, with stochastic signal constraints, trend parameter constraints, as well as the synthetic constraints of signals and trend parameters, are derived based on the standard collocation derivation process. An example of error correcting for a scanning map is given. It is shown that the collocation with constraints can not only improve the accuracy of scanning maps, but also satisfy the condition of map joint.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 91-95 [Abstract] ( 3058 ) PDF (837 KB)   ( 3056 )
96 ON SRTM VOID AREA DATA FILLING METHOD BASED ON BP NETWORK
Zhang Shoujian ;Li Jiancheng ;Wang Zhengtao ;and Xing Lelin;
Owing to the nonlinear characteristic of the topographic data, the interpolation method with linear function such as TIN can not reach high accuracy. We analyzed the interpolated accuracy with the neural network method in the SRTM void data filling, thus any nonlinear function can be approached more precisely. The analysis demonstrates that the accuracy of the neural network improves 6.3 m as comparing to the TIN method, and the contour line trends with the neural network method are smoother than that with the TIN method.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 96-99 [Abstract] ( 2234 ) PDF (2100 KB)   ( 3187 )
100 ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF f -3 TERM AND MAPPING FUNCTION ON IONOSPHERIC DELAY
Zheng Lei; Chen Kai; Li Zhenghang; and Zhu Heng

According to the Chapman normal ionospheric theory, a mapping function which uses Chapman profile function to weight is designed and then a trigonometric polynomial model of ionospheric VTEC is presented. The observations at Wuhan site on Jan.1,2005,as an example, is processed and the effect of the

f -3 term,the shell height and the mapping function form on ionospheric delay is analyzed.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 100-104 [Abstract] ( 2945 ) PDF (1784 KB)   ( 3412 )
105 REAL-TIME MONITORING OF IONOSPHERE CHANGES BY CORS
Geng Changjiang;Tang Weiming ;and Zhang Hongping
From the view of practice, the method for monitoring ionosphere in real time by CORS(Continuously Operating Reference Stations) is analyzed. The way to get precise DCB(Differential Code Bias) between P2 and P1 is also discussed. As the characteristics of DCB value is stable, its value computed before can be used to build an ionosphere model and get real time ionosphere information. The result show, the RMS of this method is about 3 TECU, and compared with observation, the precision of this method is about 4 TECU.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 105-108 [Abstract] ( 3012 ) PDF (1855 KB)   ( 3658 )
109 INVERSION OF GRAVITY ANOMALIES BASED ON MULTISCALE EDGES
Wang Haihong;Wang Wei;Li Zhen ;and Liu Yuchun
Multiscale edge models of gravity anomalies for homogeneous sphere and several 2D regular bodies are derived based on the potential wavelet. The features of these models are analyzed and then a mutliscale edges based on the method is put forward for the gravity anomaly inversion. The outstanding ability of the proposed method is that geometric parameters and density parameters can be inverted without any hypothesis.
This method also has high stability and good antinoise performance. Finally, a model of 2D block is used as an example to verify the method
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 109-114 [Abstract] ( 2891 ) PDF (1134 KB)   ( 4287 )
115 APPLICATION OF ROBUST HELMERT METHOD OF VARIANCE COMPONENT ESTIMATION IN ADJUSTMENT OF GRAVITY NETWORK
Kang Kaixuan;Xing Canfei;Li Hui;Xing Lelin;Peng Peng ;and Zhou Xin;
Helmert parameter method of variance component estimation in adjustment of gravity network may be greatly influnced by the observations with outliers. We try to combine it with the model of robust estimation based on equivalent variancecovariance, and use it to process the obsrevations of the Lushan mountain calibration line and the Anhui gravity network. The results show that the method can solve the outlier problems efficaciously.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 115-119 [Abstract] ( 3390 ) PDF (924 KB)   ( 3795 )
120 ANALYSIS OF MAPPING FUNCTION IN TROPOSPHERE DELAY CORRECTION
Xu Jie;Meng Li;Ren Chao ;and Xu Jun
Mapping function is one of the most important parts in troposphere delay correction. Selecting a highprecision mapping function has great significance for data processing. Some mapping functions of highprecision troposphere delay correction models are listed,analyzed by use of the GPS observation network data composed by SCIGN, PBO and IGS partial stations and compared
with each other from the viewpoint of input values with GAMIT software. The results indicate that the accuracies of Niell and GMF models are perfect, and GMF model is fitter to be used in Asian areas.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 120-124 [Abstract] ( 2848 ) PDF (1739 KB)   ( 4121 )
125 TRANSFORMATION FROM 1980 XI’AN COORDINATESYSTEM TO 2000 CHINESE COORDINATE SYSTEM BASED ON COLLOCATION
Zeng Anmin;
Because the similarity transformation method applied in practice for coordinate transformation is not so accurate in general
to unify different coordinate systems, the collocation method is applied for coordinate transformation from the 1980 Xi’an coordinate system to 2000 Chinese geodetic coordinate system and the local error accumulation and distortion are considered in the collocation method.
The computed result of an actual sample shows that the accuracy of transformed coordinates is evidently improved with the collocation method than with the similarity transformation method.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 125-128 [Abstract] ( 2173 ) PDF (767 KB)   ( 2985 )
观测技术
129 AUTOMATIC LEVELING METHOD FOR BENCHMARK STANDARDS
Ou Tonggeng;Wang Qi;Fu Huiqing;Lu Jie;Chen Zhigao;and Yang Boxiong;
Through the analysis of the principle of automatic leveling,a method that simplifies the support by
four point but by three points to leveling the system is proposed,and the circuit design of this system is completed as well.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 129-132 [Abstract] ( 2260 ) PDF (879 KB)   ( 4025 )
133 THERMOSTAT OF HIGH PRECISION GRAVITY METER
Wu Yanxia;Hu Guoqing ;Jiang Youhua ;Zhang Daozhong ;and Zhu Xiaoping
To reduce the influence of temperature on the parameter of gravity meter and insure the observation precision of the high precision gravity meter , a high precision thermostat is developed. On the basis of the automatic control principle, the temperature control system including rational heating structure, preamplifier of low drift and high input impedance and ratiointegrating amplifier of appropriate control parameter was designed meticalaly and stable temperature sensing elements were chosen as well. Through test, the temperature control accuracy of this apparatus is 0.000 1℃, its month drift is less than 0.000 1℃.
2008 Vol. 28 (5): 133-135 [Abstract] ( 2136 ) PDF (689 KB)   ( 3320 )
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