大地测量与地球动力学
 
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2010 Vol.30 Issue.2
Published 2010-06-17
地壳形变与地震
1 GRAVITY VARIATION OF WESTERN SICHUAN AND WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
Zhu Yiqing ;Su Qin ;Liang Weifeng ;and Liu Fang
On the basis of mobile gravity observation data from 1998 to 2008 in western Sichuan, spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field are obtained, the relations between the gravity variation features and Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake are systematically analysised.The results show: 1)gravity change is closely related to active fault tectonics, gravity measurement can reflect material migration accompanying active fault and crustal tectonic activity well. 2)
The regional gravity variations in a wide range appeared during Wenchuan earthquake. The dynamic patterns of gravity field mirrored the evolution process of gravity field :quasihomogeneous statenonhomogeneous stateearthquake occurence.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 1932 ) PDF (1638 KB)   ( 2826 )
6 DETECTION OF GRAVITY CHANGE BEFORE AND AFTER STRONG EARTHQUAKE BY GRACE
Zou Zhengbo;Luo Zhicai ;Li Hui;Shen Chongyang;and Zhou Xin;
Annual gravity changes in China mainland and its vicinity are calculated from GRACE data,and the characteristics of annual changes are discussed.By analyzing the gravity changes before and after several strong earthquakes,the results show that the gravity in the
epicenter zone appears positive before the earthquake and converts to negative after the shock.The calculation of the gravity before and after the Wenchuan earthquake shows the same phenomenon.It is concluded that the regional gravity field is affected by strong earthquakes,and gravity satellites have the ability of detecting gravity changes caused by strong earthquakes.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 6-9 [Abstract] ( 2013 ) PDF (1077 KB)   ( 3474 )
10 GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE SUNAN Ms5.0 EARTHQUAKE
Liang Weifeng;Zhu Yiqing;Xu Yunma;Liu Lian;and Guo Shusong
On the basis of the mobile gravity data of Hexi area, the characters of gravity field varition before the Sunan \%M\%s5.0 earthquakes are analysised. The results show that the gravity changes are about (-30—60)×10-8 ms -2 around Gulang-Tianzhu-Yongdeng-Haiyuan before the earthquake.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 10-13 [Abstract] ( 2050 ) PDF (1635 KB)   ( 3136 )
14 TEST OF INSAR COSEISMIC DEFORMATIONS FIELDOF WENCHUAN Mw7.9 EARTHQUAKE
Tan Kai;Shen Qiang;Qiao Xuejun;and Yang Shaomin;
The InSAR coseismic deformation interferogrames derived from ALOS PALSAR data caused by the Wenchuan Mw7.9 earthquake was tested by using GPS measurements. There are constant errors between two sides of the rupture, and bilinear errors of one side of the rupture.It is believed that the constant errors is caused by the phase difference and bilinear errors by the satellite orbit offset error. The InSAR coseismic deformation field calibrated by GPS data are consistent with the forward model inverted from earthquake wave results,
the error of calibrated InSAR coseismic deformation is about 5 cm.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 14-18 [Abstract] ( 1920 ) PDF (2504 KB)   ( 3660 )
19 CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS GPS HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT COMPONENTS
Wang Mei ;Jiang Zaisen ;and Hou Hesheng
The GPS displacement data at different stations often fluctuated simultaneously, that is, there are many resemblances among different stations of same component. The shorter the distance, the higher the correlation coefficient among different stations is,it shows a liner relation between correlation coefficient and station distance. The possible reasons leading to the synchronization changes among different stations may be tectonic movement of a block as well as some errors induced by non-tectonic factors. The correlation coefficients had been lowered after reducing the common changes by Eulor vector transfer. The Eulor vector transfer is a better method to separate common movement and common mode errors from the GPS and reveals the relative different movement of each station.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 19-24 [Abstract] ( 2677 ) PDF (1034 KB)   ( 3292 )
25 CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENTDAY CRUST VERTICALDEFORMATION AND EARTHQUAKE RISK ANALYZES IN NORTHERN AREA OF NORTH CHINA
Han Yueping; Chen Fuchao;Yang Guohua;and Liu Xia
Through the processing and analysis of multiperiod precision leveling data in northern area of North China，it is found that
the decline of largenumber in a largearea has appeared in the western region to capital circle, the direction of contour lines is mainly to the NE, and they take vertical intersection with Zhangbo fault (NWW). There is a close relation of spatial distribution of vertical deformation to the tectonic activity, the characteristic of “up southdown north” and “up eastdown west” is inconsistent with the longterm trend of tectonic movement of “high northlow south” , which is a “inverse inheritance movement”. In the western region of the studied area, the quadrantshaped distribution appears with Yanggao area as the center, relative increase of the south and north sides, relative decline of the east and west sides and the maximum difference value is 26 mm/a. This deformation
state is similar to that before the Datong earthquake, however, the character of the deformation is absolutly different from Datong earthquake (up onedown another). Tectonic activities in the northern area of North China began to shift from the normal activities to the abnomal activities in 2008, it may be a strong earthquake signal.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 25-28 [Abstract] ( 1938 ) PDF (691 KB)   ( 3063 )
29 ANALYSIS OF RELOCATED EARTHQUAKES IN NORTH CHINA REGION
Yu Xiangwei ;Zhang Huai ;and Chen Yuntai
We relocuted epicenters of totally 6 771 earthquakes which occurred in North China region (35°~42°N, 111°~120°E) from 1993 to 2004.
The relocation shows those formerly randomlydistributed earthquakes are clustered and are aligned tending to the NorthEast and NorthWest directions. It follows that there is a close relationship between the seismicity and known major active faults. From the cross sectional profile beneath the Xinhe fault, the relocated seismic sources reveal two seismic belts of different depths. One of them is around 60km long and in the direction of northeast, its depth varies from the surface downwards to 20 km underground. The other is about 40 km in length and is from 25km to 30 km in depth.
At the same time, we found that the 83 percent relocated hypocenters vary from 0 km to 15 km in depth. This is certainly more shallow than that from the previous studies which are based on the roubine earthquake location, whose average focal depth is within a range of 7~21km. This result indicates that the contemporary seismicity in North China region is mainly concentrated in the upper and middle crusts. Furthermore, about 92 percent focal depth is ranged from 1 km to 24 km, which is in good agreement with the consensus that the lower bound of the focal depth in North China region is 24 km.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 29-33 [Abstract] ( 2193 ) PDF (2219 KB)   ( 3518 )
34 MONITORING GROUND SUBSIDENCE WITH PERMANENT SCATTERERS INTERFEROMETRY
Hu Bo;and Wang Hansheng
PSInSAR makes it possible to overcome both phase decorrelations and atmospheric delays, and
shows a properous future for improving the accuracy of monitoring crustal movement. However, the key steps for the data processing are not well developed such as PS detection, network construction and model estimation. Therefore, a threethresholding algorithm i.e., a method to serially execute correlationcoefficient thresholding, amplitude dispersion index thresholding and amplitude index thresholding is proposed and implemented to improve the quality of PS detection. In addition, a method with treestructure is proposed to estimate the PS absolute terrain error and linear velocity of deformation. Finally, a case study in Shanghai experimental area is finished. The InSAR data sets from ERS1/2 and the new method proposed are utilized to successfully dectect the PS points and obtain the subsidence during the period from 1992 to 2002,that the regionally average value of the subsidence is 9.3 mm/a. The new results are basically in accordance with that from the levelling.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 34-39 [Abstract] ( 2098 ) PDF (1623 KB)   ( 4088 )
40 FAULT SLIP VELOCITY INVERSION BY USING PARTICLESWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FROM GPS DATA
Liu Jie;Zhang Yongzhi;Zhang Xiuxia;and Wang Hongyu
Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with the dislocation model,we inversed threedimension slip velocity of the Qilian mountain fault from GPS data observed in northeast margin of the QinghaiTibet Plateau during 2001—2004.The results show that the particle swarm optimization algorithm can used for computing three dimension slip velocity of the fault effectively,and the results
have the good consistency with those obtained by geological methods.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 40-42 [Abstract] ( 2095 ) PDF (625 KB)   ( 3282 )
43 RESEARCH ON OPTIMAL SELECTION OF ORBITAL PARAMETERS INIMPROVED-GRACE SATELLITE GRAVITY MEASUREMENT MISSION
Zheng Wei;Xu Houze ;Zhong Min ;Yun Meijuan ;Peng Bibo ;and Zhou Xuhua;

The optimal selection of orbital parameters in the future ImprovedGRACE satellite gravity measurement mission in China is carried out by using the combined model of cumulative geoid height errors influenced by the intersatellite rangerate error of interferometric laser ranging system, orbital position and velocity errors of GPS receiver and nonconservative force error of accelerometer based on the improved semianalytic method. The simulated results show as follows.Firstly, at degree 300, cumulative geoid height error is 3.993×10 -1 m at 350 km orbital altitude, the accuracies are improved respectively 8.770 times and 77.145 times at 300 km and 250 km compared with that at 350 km orbital altitudes, and the accuracies are decreased respectively 8.718 times and 75.307 times at 400 km and 450 km compared with that at 350 km orbital altitudes.Secondly, cumulative geoid height error is 3.993

×10-1 cm as using 50 km intersatellite range, and the accuracies are reduced respectively 1.259 times and 1.395 times using 110 km and 220 km compared with that using 50 km intersatellite ranges.Finally, the optimal designs of average orbital altitude 350 km and mean intersatellite range 50 km are suggested in the future first ImprovedGRACE gravity satellite in China.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 43-48 [Abstract] ( 2186 ) PDF (610 KB)   ( 3494 )
理论方法研究
49 GAUSS-KRUGER PROJECTION FORWARD AND REVERSE CALCULATION AFTER ELLIPSOID TRANSFORM
Deng Xingsheng ; Tang Zhongan ; Hua Xianghong;and Shu Yuzhi
In order to reduce the side length and area distortion of projection, ellipsoid transformation and projection plane rising are needed for conversion between geodetic and projected coordinates. There are three methods for ellipsoid transformation, i.e., ellipsoid expanding, ellipsoid distortion and ellipsoid shift. Forward and reverse calculations of GaussKruger projection on transformed ellipsoids are studied. SuperCoor software is developed to study the example data, and the results show that the formulas and algorithms presented are correct. From the perspective of controlling distortion of side length, the coordinate differences with three ellipsoid transformation methods are nearly the same and all can be used in practice. Among the three ellipsoid transformations, ellipsoid expanding model is the simplest. Thus, it should be considered as the first method to use in application.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 49-52 [Abstract] ( 2066 ) PDF (352 KB)   ( 5151 )
53 RELATION TRANSFORMATION METHOD BETWEENTHREE-DIMENTIONAL AND TWODIMENTINAL SPACES
Xie Mingyu
For the solution of the seven transformation parameters between threedimentional space and twodimentinal space without height,a new method called Relation Transformation Method based on the relation between the Cartesian Coordinate and Geodetic Coordinate is put forward,and then the transfomation principle and realization method are introduced.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 53-57 [Abstract] ( 1805 ) PDF (422 KB)   ( 3126 )
58 Shanghai General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200092
Gu Chuan
The spatial cylindrical surface fitting by using genetic algorithm is proposed. Taking a practical cylinder surface fitting as example, the principle and method of spatial cylindrical surface fitting based on genetic algorithm is explained. The necessity of application of cylinder fitting to tunnel section convergence monitoring is discussed and data acquisition method is proposed. An engineering example is used to show the feasiblity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 58-62 [Abstract] ( 1940 ) PDF (827 KB)   ( 3413 )
63 OPTIMAL DESIGN OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMSFOR SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY
Guo Yingqi ;Ma Junhai ;Yi Xiaodong ;and Si Haiyan
The focus for the optimal design of GPS observation scheme before GPS control network should be built is on two issues including GPS observation time and receiver working conditions. The testing data show that it is importance to choose observation time and GPS receiver for the network quality control. The results of practical observation prove that when the surveying range is longer than 10 km, the accuracy of the solved result of observations in night is higher than that in day,when the range is several km or over ten km,the accuracy observed with receiver of single frequence is higher than that with the receiver of dual frequence.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 63-66 [Abstract] ( 1826 ) PDF (439 KB)   ( 3046 )
67 A NEW METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTINBG DOP OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Li Guozhong;Li Jianwen ;and Gui Qingming;
Positioning accuracy is closely linked to the dilution of precision (DOP). DOP reflects the geometric distribution of visible satellites in space and enlarges the ranging errors. The new estimations of GDOP, PDOP and HDOP called essential DOP are studied and their properies are discussed. The new defined DOP are determined by the maximum eigenvalue of the corresponding cofactor matrix.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 67-70 [Abstract] ( 1979 ) PDF (369 KB)   ( 4068 )
71 RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF GRAVITY GRADIOMETRY ERROR OF GOCE SATELLITE
Xu Xinyu;Wang Zhengtao;Zou Xiancai;and Zhu Guangbin
The origin and the properties of gravity gradiometry error of GOCE satellite are discussed
and
the method of simulating the time series of colored noise based on the AR model with the priori error PSD of the gradiometer is proposed.
The theory about generating the stationary stochastic process based on the AR model is stated. We simulated noise time series based on the AR model according to two types of analytical instrument error PSD. The comparison between the analytical PSD and the PSD from the simulated noises shows that the AR model can be used for simulating the noise time series of gravity gradiometry of GOCE satellite.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 71-75 [Abstract] ( 2040 ) PDF (1146 KB)   ( 4591 )
76 EFFECT OF GPS STOCHASTIC MODEL ON SINGLE EPOCH AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION
Chen Yubo;Yang Wentao;and Dai Wujiao
The suitable GPS stochastic model can improve the accuracy of GPS surveying. However, its effect on single epoch ambiguity resolution is unknown. The unit model, satellite elevation model and signal strength model were used in two tests with single epoch data processing method. The results show that both the satellite elevation model and signal strength model can improve the success rate, and the later is better when there are many obstacles around the GPS antenna.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 76-79 [Abstract] ( 1818 ) PDF (349 KB)   ( 3184 )
80 COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT QUALITY MAPS USED FOR PHASE UNWRAPPING
Xiao Feng;Wu Jicang;Liu Chaogong ;and Zhang Lei
Qualityguided phase unwrapping algorithm is one of the most effective methods. In this category of algorithms, the pixels are unwrapped from the high quality points to the low quality ones. The success rate of phase unwrapping strongly depends on the quality map. We employ three quality maps (i.e., pseudocorrelation, phase derivative variance map and maximum phase gradient) as the guided maps and make some comparative analyses among them aiming to indicate which map performs best in general case.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 80-85 [Abstract] ( 2004 ) PDF (2527 KB)   ( 3978 )
86 METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL CODE BIASESBY USING SINGLE STATION GPS MEASUREMENTS
An Jiachun;Wang Zemin;Qu Xiaochuan ;and Du Yujun;
On the basis of the GPS observations in Nov. 2004 at IGS stations which are distributed in different latitudes,two methods:
least square and minimization of standard deviation of TEC at all lines of sight were used to calculate the DCB of receivers.
The results were compared with corresponding values published by IGS (International GNSS Service) and the variations of DCB were analyzed. It shows that these methods can be used to derive DCB and the accuracy is sufficient. Meanwhile, in DCB
there are not apparent fluctuation during magnetic storm and apparent correlations with that at concatenation stations
but there is close relation to receiver’s property. It shows that the influence of receivers themselves on DCB is much greater than that from ionosphere condition.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 86-90 [Abstract] ( 1826 ) PDF (579 KB)   ( 4272 )
91 PRECISE POINT POSITIONING BASED ON TROPOSPHERIC REFRACTION CORS
Nie Jianliang ;Zhang Shuangcheng ;Wang Yueli ;and Zhang Yufang

The tropospheric refraction in the position of a GPS receiver is computed with fitting the tropospheric refraction of CORS, but the accuracy which is estimated with the available tropospheric model is low. The tropospheric refraction is gained by fitting its grids in CORS, so the
accuracy can be improved. Taking the data of WUHN as an example, it is shown that the accuracy of U is better than
that with estimating by tropospheric model, and is similar with the results of parameter estimation.This way is easy for the tropospheric refraction because it has been provided before computing the results of the GPS receiver.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 91-94 [Abstract] ( 1874 ) PDF (524 KB)   ( 3327 )
95 GPS HEIGHT FITTING BASED ON CHAOS PARTICLE SWARM SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND CONSIDERING EFFECT OF TERRAIN
Ji Zhangjian;Yuan Yunbin ;and Sheng Chuanzhen;
The application of chaos particle swarm support vector machine in GPS height fitting is studied. Taking the impact of terrain on the height conversion into account, the terrain correction is introduced to the support vector machine model. Considering the blindness of manmade choice of parameters of SVM, a chaos particle swarm optimization theory is used to select the parameters of SVM. Compared with the traditional fitting methods, such as polynomial curved surface, multiface function BP neural network, this method is better.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 95-98 [Abstract] ( 1891 ) PDF (766 KB)   ( 3564 )
99 ON IONOSPHERIC DELAY PROCESSING METHODS FORSINGLE FREQUENCY PRECISE POINT POSITIONING
Tu Rui;Zhang Qin;and Huang Guanwen
In single frequency precise point positioning, ionospheric delay is one of the most important factors
impacting the positioning accuracy.Because of the instability of the ionosphere and the fuzziness of the research of physical properties, the positioning accuracy is seriously limited when using the precision limited model for the correction. In order to eliminate the ionosphere error, it is proposed to introduce ionosphere parameter for realtime ionospheric delay estimation by applying different mapping functions. Through the calculation of measurement data from the IGS tracking station and the comparison among the results from the single model, Klobuchar model and the grid ionosphere model, the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method are verified.In the experiments, different mapping functions and the ionosphere parameters are selected and some significant conclusions are drawn.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 99-103 [Abstract] ( 2047 ) PDF (653 KB)   ( 3120 )
104 RESEARCH ON XPL ALGORITHM OF GALILEO INTEGRITY SYSYTEM
Gu Shouzhou;Bei Jinzhong;and Dang Yamin;
In the Galileo integrity system，to confirm the system working normally and the safety of user, it is important to estimate Horizontal/Vertical Protection Level(XPL) effectively. So it is necessary to test the theory of computing HPL and VPL respectively, analyze the results, and validating the availability of the theory by using the observations. The results show that the maximum calculated values of HPL and VPL are less than 9 meters and 12 meters respectively, so can meet the requirement of limited values: 12 meters and 20 meters,
it proves that the theory is efficient and effective. Furthermore, the stability of the theory is proved from the view of the standard deviation.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 104-108 [Abstract] ( 1896 ) PDF (969 KB)   ( 2493 )
109 STUDY ON CALCULATION MODEL OF PRECISE GPS SATELLITE CLOCK ERROR
Feng Yikai ;Liu Yanxiong ;Shan Rui;Gao Xingguo ;and Li Jie
The estimation of relative satellite clock is discussed and three observation network layout schemes are designed.By using data from different networks, different satellite clock error results can be obtained and used for PPP calculation, and then their impacts on the positioning accuracy are analyzed.The results show that the satellite clock estimation does not depend on the location of GPS stations, and the estimation of the satellite clock from a small region is still valuable.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 109-112 [Abstract] ( 1831 ) PDF (617 KB)   ( 3363 )
113 INTERVAL ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR GPS/INSINTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Le Yang;and He Xiufeng
The standard Kalman filter cannot be used exactly when some parameters of integrated navigation system are not precisely known or gradually changed with time. Acoording to the principle of adaptive filtering analysis, a method of adaptive factor construction with uncertain parameter based on interval math is proposed.As the interval of uncertain parameter is known, the estimation of interval of adaptive factor is discussed. The method is examined by using the GPS/INS integrated navigation system developed by authors. The results show that the proposed method is effective.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 113-116 [Abstract] ( 1905 ) PDF (665 KB)   ( 3245 )
117 TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS BETWEEN ITRF2005 AND CGCS2000 COORDINATE
Lin Xiaojing;Zhang Xiaohong;and Guo Fei
With the adoption of China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000(CGCS2000), it is becoming vital to transform the present measurement results to CGCS2000. Two different approaches are used to realize the transformation between ITRF2005 and CGCS2000. One is
the transformation with considering the epoch and the frame together and the other is with considering the two aspects respectively. The practical results show that the former can not satisfy the accuracy required. As for the later, the motion rate of the points unknown can be interpolated first by using a weightaverage method according to the available information of points known, and then adopt the 7 parameters to transform the different frames. This method can meet the needs of transformation accuracy which can achieve 1-2 cm.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 117-119 [Abstract] ( 2064 ) PDF (511 KB)   ( 3487 )
120 CYCLE SLIPS DETECTING AND REPAIRING BY USEOF PHASE REDUCE PSEUDORANGE LAW ANDIONIZED LAYER REMNANT METHOD OF DIFFERENCE
Chen Pinxin ;Zhang Chuanyin ;and Huang Kunxue;
The ways of detecting and repairing cycle slips by us e of the ionized layer remnant method of difference and the phase reduce false distance law are analyzed,and then utilizing their own advantages the two methods are combined together to achieve more effective one. The test results proved the effectiveness of this new method.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 120-124 [Abstract] ( 1883 ) PDF (840 KB)   ( 3374 )
125 APPLICATION OF GENERALIZED EXTENDED INTERPOLATION METHOD IN GPS HEIGHT TRANSFORM
Chen Peng ;and Chen Zhengyang
For solving the problems in the subregional riging up of the subregional fitting and transforming GPS height into normal height,this paper uses the generalized extension interpolation method in the large or complex area of to pographic change in GPS height conversion.Practical examples show that,by use of this method,
the accuracy of GPS height conversion can be improved and the sudden step change can be avoided as well.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 125-128 [Abstract] ( 2032 ) PDF (534 KB)   ( 3239 )
129 AN NONLINEAR LEAST SQUARES ALGORITHM FOR SPATIAL COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION
Chen Yu and Bai Zhengdong
A method for largerotationangle three dimensional rectangular coordinate transformation based on nonlinearleastsquares algorithm is put forward,which can achive the best valuation of sevenparameter by solving multifunction minimum. This method has many advantages, such as calculating simply, converging rapidly, relying less on the initial values of 7 transformational parameters, facilitating program realization. A simulation example and the comparison with other method prove its validity finally.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 129-132 [Abstract] ( 1838 ) PDF (404 KB)   ( 4592 )
133 COMPARISON OF PENFORMANCE AMONG DIFFERENT GPS RECEIVERS UNDER UAV
Luo Haiying;and Liu Guangjun
The capabilities of high precise receiver and high dynamic receiver which are used in navigation and positioning under UAV are discussed. The test schemes are designed accordingly and the differences of capability between them are compared through the actual flight.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 133-136 [Abstract] ( 1897 ) PDF (2796 KB)   ( 2929 )
137 SPHERICAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF ERRORPROPAGATION BETWEEN MEAN GRAVITYANOMALY AND SEA SURFACE HEIGHT DATA
Zhai Zhenhe;and Sun Zhongmiao
The error propagation formulae between sea surface height and mean gravity anomaly are established by using spherical harmonic method. With these formulae, the accuracies of different resolution of mean gravity anomaly are computed. The computation results show that the spherical harmonic method has the same effects as the traditional inverse Stokes method and could be a reference mean for satellite altimetry accuracy design. The point that should be concerned is that the truncated error will increase quickly with the resolution falling, especially for the resolution smaller than 5′,so the accuracies of mean gravity anomaly could be estimated worse than the actual results.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 137-140 [Abstract] ( 1930 ) PDF (366 KB)   ( 3145 )
141 ON TRANSFORM BETWEEN ITRFS
Liu Li;and Cheng Yingyan
The problems that how the coordinates of IGS under different ITRF can be transformed into other ITRF by using 14 transformation parameters announced by IERS (7 transformation parameters and their rates) are studied. Furthermore, coordinates of IGS are compared with those computed and the results show that the differences of coordinates are at centimeter level.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 141-143 [Abstract] ( 2149 ) PDF (524 KB)   ( 3637 )
144 SOLUTION METHOD AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE POSITION AND VELOCITY FROM BROADCAST EPHEMERIS
Liu Weiping;Hao Jinming;and Li Zuohu
The methods for calculating satellite position and velocity from broadcast ephemeris and
precise ephemeris are introduced.
The formulation for solving satellite velocity from broadcast ephemeris is given and a method for interplating satellite velocity from modern precise ephemeris including only the information of satellite position is derived. At last, a practical example is given and the accuracy of satellite position and velocity by broadcast ephemeris is analyzed.The results indicate that the error of satellite position by broadcast ephemeris is better than 2 m,and satellite velocity is within 0.1 cm/s.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 144-147 [Abstract] ( 2221 ) PDF (1005 KB)   ( 4284 )
148 ON SINGLE EOPCH AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION OF SHORTBASELINE BASED ON TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION
Kong Lingjie;and Huang Guanwen
In GPS short baseline deformation monitoring, the coefficient of single epoch normal equation appears to be ill conditioned regularly, which causes the phase ambiguity of LS solutions inaccurate and the final results are of lower accuracy even distorted. To improve the successful rate of single epoch fixed ambiguity of dualfrequency observation, this contribution adopts two following measures.1)Under the conditions that the single epoch normal matrix is illcondition and LS float solution is undependable, using TIKHONOV regularization matrix to improve the illcondition of the normal matrix, thereby leading the fidelity of float solution to be improved; 2)By using LAMBDA search method based on the improved normal equations, total TEC changes are introduced to check its accuracy. The experiment shows that the new method can significantly improve the fidelity of float solution and increase the successful rate of the fixed ambiguity.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 148-151 [Abstract] ( 1989 ) PDF (525 KB)   ( 3267 )
152 PARTICLE FILTERING METHOD BASED ON PROPOSAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF ERTS SMOOTHING
Li Baoli;Gong Yisong ;Zhang Jinjun ;and Li Qigao
As it is quite important to choose a reasonable proposal distribution function for the particle filtering,a new proposal distribution function is designed. This scheme fuses the extended Kalman filter and the RTS fixed interval smoothing to generate the proposal distribution function. Compared to the particle filtering with only the proposal distribution function of extended Kalman filter, this method can give more accurate estimation results, and make the system more robust. An experiment for the GPS/DR integrated simulation system validates the effectiveness of the new approach.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 152-155 [Abstract] ( 2080 ) PDF (376 KB)   ( 3153 )
观测技术
156 APPLICATION OF DOUBLE CONNECTION TRIANGLES METHOD IN VERTICAL-SHAFT CONNECTION SURVEY
Cui Xusheng;Pan Guorong ;and Li Fali
Double connection triangles method in verticalshaft connection survey is proposed. Compared with the single connection triangle method, this method not only improves the accuracy but also gives a significant increase in check conditions. Threewire connection triangle method and double stations connection triangle method are compared with each other to analyze the application from their advantages and disvantages. Threewire method is often used in spacious shafts because of its good stability, simple operation and conveniences. Double stations method is more timesaving and more convenient to the shaft, but it is often limited by the underground space and circumstances. So the former is more commonly used.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 156-159 [Abstract] ( 1791 ) PDF (386 KB)   ( 3046 )
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